Cycle your heart through the City of Kathmandu
Kathmandu holds a surprising number of astonishing places in its edge and corners throughout the entire valley. One who like pedaling as an instinctive hobby, there are bunch of popular smooth as well as reckless trials routes for cycling all over the valley, perfect to adventurous preference.
Cycling routes in and around the city
Kathmandu - Kakani – Budhanilkantha
Bhaktapur - Nagarkot – Sankhu
Budhanilkantha - NagiGompa – Kapan
Mudkhu - Jhor – Tokha
Chovar - Bungamati - Khokana – Chapagaon
The busy city of Kathmandu holds a surprising number of astonishing places in its edges and corners throughout the entire valley. Along with being a home for the diverse cultures and their artifacts, there are a good number of rustic outdoor adventure options here as well. For instance, If you’re either a professional biker with a carefree spirit to ride or someone who just likes cycling as an instinctive hobby during the weekends, there are a bunch of smooth as well as reckless trials spread all over the valley, perfect for your adventure preferences, giving you a chance to explore more of your home through a new piece of experience. Here are a couple of cycling routes from in and around the city for you to add in to your new cycling itinerary!
Kathmandu - Kakani – Budhanilkantha
If you're looking for something that makes you step out of your comfort zone, this trial is the most prominent one for you. Most of its entire single-track trial being raw and crippled, the trial is quite challenging yet captivating for your outrageous adventurous spirit. Through the breath-taking mountain views that passes by as you cycle your heart out to the wild and alluring view of the valley on top of the Kakani hills, this will be one of your most memorable cycling experiences. So, grab yourself some nutritious and energy-giving snacks and pack all your cycling gear as you have a new journey waiting for you!
Bhaktapur - Nagarkot – Sankhu
Take your two-wheeled motivation out for an adventure through the culturally rich part of the valley to the green wonders mother nature has sprinkled around it. You can start your journey early in the morning with a fresh spirit, and cycle your way through the morning lives of Bhaktapur city. As you’re up for a long ride this time, the roads of the Nagarkot hills have a bird-eye view of the exotic mountains blending in with the city for you as you’re making way for your bike to reach the beautiful city of Sankhu.
Budhanilkantha - NagiGompa – Kapan
Start your journey at the edge of the city this time as well. Through the peaceful roads of Budhanilkantha that moves along to the jungles of the Shivapuri National park where the trees make way for the uphill road you’re cycling through. There is an easy 30 min long single track here that later joins back to the common road. Although the ride needs some skills and techniques when it comes to tackling the steepy slopes through the journey, as you go downhill, your love for adventure will grow as you breath in the rage you experience as you’re cycling down. When the ride ends at Kapan, you can put your bags down and have a nice meal with the beautiful view of the place, taking in your worth-the-while adventure.
Mudkhu - Jhor – Tokha
Going North, through an easy slope through the Trishuli Highway, you can reach Mudkhu, the centre point of many cyclists. With a list of options of tracks to take, you can cycle along the famous Trishuli highway up to Tinpiple admiring the view of rice-fields with light residence around them and the long forests that passes by. As you make it to Jhor, with some help from the locals, you can follow up with the confusing roads and find your preferred location to sit and rest for a bit. The waterfall here is also a good option to visit for a nice breather after the long ride. After a bit more cycling, as you return through the ancient Newari City of Tokha, make sure you enjoy and appreciate the delicious cuisines and the genuine kindness the locals have waiting for you.
Chovar - Bungamati - Khokana – Chapagaon
If you’re looking for a rather easy cycling expedition, start from the south of the valley at Chovar. As you cross the short upbeat roads of Chovar, the trials lead to the peaceful livelihood of Bungmati and Khokana, giving you a chance to breathe in the fresh and friendly air of the place and a fascinating view of the traditional settlements of people surrounded by the alive fields. As you continue your ride through the roads of Chapagaon, the greenery will please your experience with very less traffic and a neutral environment. However, if you’re still seeking for a spontaneous adventure for your free spirit, you have the option to continue your trial up to Raj Kulo to add in a bit more challenge to the journey. Alternatively, as well, you could take the route to Lakuri Bhanjyang and pay a nice short visit to toward the east, to the ancient city of Panauti.
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A Captivating Adventure through Nepali Lakes
Nepal, although being a small country, holds a surprising number of natural wonders all over in it. Nepal is not only the home for most of the highest peaks but also a sanctuary of lakes that give you heavenly experience through their beauty. Some of the most beautiful lakes to add in adventure bucket list to keep wander list spirit moving.
· Gokyo Lakes
· Gosaikunda Lake
· Tilicho Lake
· Rara Lake
· Phewa Tal
· Paanch Pokhari
In the world entirely built by the impeccable mother nature, Nepal, although being a small country, holds a surprising number of natural wonders all over it. There are astonishing places to see in every corner of it, with nature in its purest form holding wildly diverse geographical features. Nepal is not only the home for most of the highest peaks of the world but also a sanctuary of stunning lakes that are sure to give you a heavenly experience through their beauty. From the most elegant lakes hidden behind the tall mountains to the quite subtle ones lost somewhere along the road less travelled, Nepal has a total of more than five thousand lakes, among which almost two thousand are glacial lakes. Due to these gifted features of the country and the wide-ranged possibility of tourism development, the government of Nepal has authorized this year with “Visit Nepal 2020” to make it a year committed to the development of tourism industry and making it one of the ideal travel destinations.
Below are some of the most beautiful lakes for you to add to your adventure bucket list this year to keep that wanderlust spirit moving!
Gokyo Lakes
Situated in the altitude of 4,700 to 5000 meters above sea level in Sagarmatha National Park, Gokyo lakes consist of a total of 19 lakes, carrying the world’s purest freshwater in such high altitude. Lying somewhere between the range of the one and only mount Cho Oyu; Gokyo Cho, Thonak Cho , Gyazumpa Cho, Tanjung Cho, Ngozumpa Cho, and Longbanga Cho are the six main lakes of Gokyo lake system where Thonak Cho is the largest one and Gokyo Cho is also called Dudh Pokhari. It takes a two-day long hike from Namche Bazar to reach the Gokyo lakes through the Gokyo lakes trek. Since the place is one of the main pilgrimage sites for Hindus and Buddhists, and it comes with a breath-taking view of the huge mountains and their reflection on the clear blue water of the lakes, it is a famous site for tourism and has won the admiration of thousands of visitors.
Gosaikunda Lake
Another one of the biggest freshwater lakes, Gosaikunda lake is situated at an altitude of 4,380 meters above sea level in Langtang National parks. It is one of the most famous lakes of the country that is surrounded by the captivating breath of the magnificent mountains of Rasuwa district. It also holds a whole lot of religious values where people from Nepal and India come here to take a holy bath, especially during the occasion of Janai Purnima. Alongside, it is one of the major tourist sites, as well, that needs a hardcore four-day trek on Dhunche-Helamby trekking route and Langtang valley trek route to be reached.
Tilicho Lake
When talking of magical places to visit, Tilicho Lake definitely comes at the top of the list. Situated at an altitude of 4919 meters beside the famous Annapurna range of Himalaya, Tilicho lake is one of the most beautiful lakes of Nepal as it is heavily surrounded by some of the thick snowy mountains like Khangsar, Nilgiri, Tilicho and Muktinath peak. which takes almost three to four days of hiking through the Annapurna Circuit trek to reach. The hiking route goes through the watershed between Manang and Kali Gandaki Valleys, because of which it is the most preferred route for common visitors. However, there is another alternative route from the north for the risk-takers to reach the lake. So if you’re an adventure seeker, looking for a new spontaneous experience in your life, Tilicho lake is the place for you!
Rara Lake
The largest and deepest lake of Nepal at an altitude of 2990 meters above sea level, Rara lake perfectly fits in between the dense green hills of Mugu and Jumla districts. Despite the difficult and complicated path that leads to this lake, it is still immensely admired by the visitors because of its miraculous natural beauty through its strange ability to change into seven different colours in the light of the day. The journey has to start with a flight from Nepalgunj to Mugu, from where you can either go on a long adventurous trek of nineteen days or choose to fly on a helicopter for a couple of hours. Either way, the breathtaking view of the Rara is worth the while.
Phewa Tal
As cliche as it may have become, Phewa Lake still remains, hands-down, the most favoured lake in almost every traveller’s itinerary and in every Nepali’s to-visit bucket list. Situated at the south of Pokhara city, Phewa lake finds its immense life-like beauty with the clear reflection of Mount Annapurna, Machhapuchhre and Dhaulagiri over the forests during the day time and the reflection of a thousand different golden lights of the most beautiful city of the country during the night. Also, In the heart of the Lake, Tal Barahi temple is situated. If you’re a non-trek kind of person and prefer an effortless vacation, Phewa Tal is the lake for you.
Paanch Pokhari
The most underrated yet absolutely beautiful lakes have to be Paanch Pokhari, situated at an altitude of 4100 meters in Langtang National park. As the name suggests, five different sized lakes are situated together between the midst rocky Himalayas a couple of kilometres above Sindhupalchowk. Either during the monsoon weather, when the lakes are surrounded with wet green grasses and smokey mists or during the winter when the edgy features of the rocky mountains are reflected, this place serves one of the wildest and exquisite beauties that definitely deserves more recognition. With rich religious importance and tourists preferences, now the trek to Paanch Pokhari is newly opened, starting from a bus ride from the capital to Chautara, from where an eight days long trek is needed to reach the beautiful destination.
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National Parks In Nepal - Part I
With an avid diversity of flora and fauna - which range from the lowlands of Terai to the Himalayan mountains, Nepal has several protected areas worth visiting. Nepal's National Parks are popular among the tourist for activities like tour and trek.
Nepal is home to an avid diversity of flora and fauna, which range from the lowlands of Terai to the Himalayan mountains. Each bio-zone host's multiple ecosystems, which are called home by thousands of species of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Nepal’s natural beauty has always been its pride and conserving it has always been a top priority. Thus under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2020 (1973AD), the government of Nepal created the guidelines to declare and maintain National Parks, Conservation Areas, and Hunting Reserves.
Chitwan National Park
Sagarmatha National Park
Langtang National Park
Rara National Park
Today the protected areas of Nepal cover mainly forests and are located at various altitudes in the Terai, as well as in the foothills of the Himalayas and the mountains themselves. Nepal even though is small in terms of area size covering only 147,181 sq km. The altitudes range from 67 m to 8,848m. This extreme altitudinal gradient has resulted in 11 bio-climatic zones ranging from lower tropical below 500m to nival above 5,000m in the High Himalayas encompassing nine terrestrial ecoregions with 36 vegetation types. The government of Nepal under the National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2020(1973AD) established a total of 12 National Parks, 1 Wildlife Reserves, 6 conservation Areas and 1 Hunting Reserve. In 2017, the Shuklpahanta and Parsa Wildlife Reserves were upgraded into National Parks.
In this series of articles, we explore the various National Parks, their level of accessibility and attractions.
Chitwan National Park
Province: 03
Distance From Kathmandu: 170 Km
Accessibility: Deluxe Buses Available from multiple Bus Hubs in Kathmandu, Domestic Airlines offer direct flights from Pokhara and Kathmandu to Bharatpur
Attractions: Bird Watch, Natural Escape, Experiencing Tharu and Maithali Culture, Bishazari Tal ( Ramsar Site), CG Ashram, Jungle Safari, Wildlife Encounters, Wildlife Photography
Season: October to March ( Best siting of the wildlife is from January to March)
Chitwan National Park is the first national park in Nepal. It was established in 1973 and granted the status of a World Heritage Site in 1984 AD. It covers an area of 952.63 km2 (367.81 sq mi) and is located in the subtropical Inner Terai lowlands of south-central Nepal in the districts of Nawalpur, Parsa, Chitwan and Makwanpur. In altitude, it ranges from about 100 m (330 ft) in the river valleys to 815 m (2,674 ft) in the Churia Hills.
In the north and west of the protected area, the Narayani-Rapti river system forms a natural boundary to human settlements. Adjacent to the east of Chitwan National Park is Parsa National Park, contiguous in the south is the Indian Tiger Reserve Valmiki National Park. The coherent protected area of 2,075 km2 (801 sq mi) represents the Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU) Chitwan-Parsa-Valmiki, which covers a 3,549 km2 (1,370 sq mi) huge block of alluvial grasslands and subtropical moist deciduous forests.
Sagarmatha National Park
Province: 01
Distance From Kathmandu: 137 km
Accessibility: By Air, one can get flights to Tenzing - Hilary Airport at Lukla from Kathmandu, By road one can catch a bus to Jiri and trek to Sagarmatha National Park which is approximately a 10-day trek. One can also take the bus to Salleri and trek to Sagarmatha National Park which is a 5 days trek. Charter helicopters to Lukla are catered by multiple air groups as well.
Attractions: Mt Everest, Ama Dablam, The Gokyo Complex, Tengboche Monastery, Kala Pathar, Landscape Photography, Experiencing Sherpa Culture, Wildlife Photography.
Sagarmāthā National Park is a national park in the Himalayas of eastern Nepal that is dominated by Mount Everest. It encompasses an area of 1,148 km2 (443 sq mi) in the Solukhumbu District and ranges in elevation from 2,845 to 8,848 m (9,334 to 29,029 ft) at the summit of Mount Everest. In the north, it shares the international border with the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve of Tibet. In the east, it is adjacent to Makalu Barun National Park, and in the south, it extends to Dudh Kosi river.] It is part of the Sacred Himalayan Landscape.
Langtang National Park
Province: 03
Distance From Kathmandu: 30 km
Accessibility: The Langtang Valley Trek begins from Syabrubesi which one can reach via a local or privately hired bus or jeep in 9 - 10 hours from Kathmandu.
Season to Avoid: Monsoon ( June- August)
Attractions: Gosaikunda Lake, Experience Tamang and Gurung Culture, Landscape Photography, Lantang Lirung Range, Sacred Ganesh Himal, Ganja La Pass, Kyanjin Gompa
Langtang National Park was established in 1976 as Nepal's first Himalayan national park and the country's fourth protected area. It exceeds an altitudinal range of 6,450 m (21,160 ft) and covers an area of 1,710 km2 (660 sq mi) in the Nuwakot, Rasuwa and Sindhulpalchok Districts of the central Himalayan region encompassing 26 village communities. In the north and east, it is linked with Qomolangma National Nature Preserve in Tibet. The western boundary follows the Bhote Kosi and Trishuli Rivers. The southern border lies 32 km (20 mi) north of the Kathmandu Valley.
The high altitude sacred Gosainkunda lake is located at an altitude of 4,300 m (14,100 ft) inside the park. The Dorje Lakpa range at 6,988 m (22,927 ft) bisects the park from the west-east to south-east. The summit of Langtang Lirung (7,245 m (23,770 ft)) is the highest point in the park.
Rara National Park
Province: 06
Distance From Kathmandu: 375 km
Accessibility: To reach Rara region by air one must take a flight to Nepalgunj, and then from Nepalgunj to Jumla or Talcha (Rara) Airport. From the town of Jumla, it’s a 2-day trek to the National Park whereas from Talca Airport it’s a mere few hours walk to Rara National Park.
Attractions: Rala Lake, Juniper Forest, Landscape Photography, Wildlife Encounters, Bird Watching
Season: Spring, Summer and Autumn. Rara region can also be traversed in the winters but he uncertainty of the weather, low temperatures make the trip a little more difficult than normal.
Rara National Park is a protected area in the Himalayas of Nepal and was established in 1976. Covering an area of 106 km2 (41 sq mi) in the Mugu and Jumla districts, it is the country's smallest national park. Its main feature is Rara Lake at an altitude of 2,990 m (9,810 ft).[1] The park was established to protect the unique flora and fauna of the Humla–Jumla Region of Nepal.
The park ranges in elevation from 2,800 m (9,200 ft) to 4,039 m (13,251 ft) at Chuchemara Peak on the southern side of Rara Lake. On the northern side, the peaks of Ruma Kand and Malika Kand frame the alpine freshwater lake, which is the largest lake in Nepal with a surface of 10.8 km2 (4.2 sq mi) and a maximum depth of 167 m (548 ft). It is oval-shaped with an east-west axis, a length of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and a width of 3 km (1.9 mi) draining into the Mugu-Karnali River via Nijar Khola.
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Unravelling Nepali History
When Nepal was opened in 1950s for the world to experience, arrival of historians and academics helped document the history and unravel treasures of a forgotten past. Among the many books that have helped conserve Nepali history, here we made list of a few books to get one started.
When travelling to a country such as Nepal, with layers of history and significance. One can get lost in the beauty of this tranquil escape but never know the true reason for its creation. The diversity in Nepal is so rich that in a small square such as of Patan, Kathmandu and Bhaktapur lie countless bricks of the bygone era layered one atop the other. Temples of the then forgotten world, stand tall with the new architecture and even among the temples, lie countless tiers of history.
The external beauty is enriched and uplifted with knowledge of their creation, are significance and its value. One can feel as if they have been transported to a bygone era, as his/her imagination contemplates the creation of these sites as they flip through pages of history carefully protected and transcribed into the pages of a book.
History is complicated, especially when it comes to Nepalese history which features so many diversities, micro kingdom, a lack of documentation and dark eras during when neither history was documented but was rather lost.
When Nepal was opened in the 1950s for the world to experience, it didn’t just boost the tourism industry but also the arrival of historians and academics helped document the history and unravel treasures of a forgotten past. Among the many books that have helped conserve Nepali history, listed below are a few books to get one started.
A History of Nepal by John Whelpton
While John Whelpton's history of Nepal focuses on the period since the overthrow of the Rana family autocracy in 1950-51, the early chapters are devoted to the origins of the kingdom and the evolving relations of its diverse peoples. Whelpton portrays a country of extraordinary contrasts, whose history has been buffeted constantly by its neighbours, China and India. Economic and political turmoil over the last fifty years came to a climax with the massacre of the royal family in 2001 when the country erupted into civil war. This book is the most comprehensive and accessible English-language one-volume history of Nepal. John Whelpton, who works as a teacher in Hong Kong, is a historian and linguist. He has worked and travelled extensively in Nepal, and has written numerous articles and books on the subject. These include Nationalism & Ethnicity in the Hindu Kingdom: The Politics and Culture of Contemporary Nepal (Routledge, 1997), and Kings, Soldiers and Priests: Nepalese Politics and the Rise of Jang Bahadur Rana, 1830-1857 (South Asia Books, 1992).
Kathmandu by Thomas Bell
One of the greatest cities of the Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal, is a unique blend of thousand-year-old cultural practices and accelerated urban development. In this book, Thomas Bell recounts his experiences from his many years in the city—exploring in the process the rich history of Kathmandu and its many instances of self-reinvention.
Closed to the outside world until 1951 and trapped in a medieval time warp, Kathmandu is, as Bell argues, a jewel of the art world, a carnival of sexual license, a hotbed of communist revolution, a paradigm of failed democracy, a case study in bungled western intervention, and an environmental catastrophe. The layered development of the city can be seen in the successive generations of its gods and goddesses; its comfort in the caste system and ethos of aristocracy and kingship; and the recent destabilizing effects of consumerist approaches and the push for egalitarianism and democracy. In important ways, Kathmandu’s rapid modernization can be seen as an extreme version of what is happening in other traditional societies. Bell also discusses the ramifications of the recent Nepal earthquake.
A comprehensive look at a top global destination, Kathmandu is an entertaining and accessible chronicle for anyone eager to learn more about this fascinating city.
History of The Kingdom of Nepal by Daniel Wright
History of Nepal by Daniel Wright and translated from the Parbatiya by Munshi Shew Shunker Singh and Pandit Shri Gunanand forms part of the indispensable canon of works about the Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal. Daniel Wright has his own distinctive style of wright about the people, culture, customs and history of Nepal. In his book, he talks about not only the history and geography of Nepal but also gives us an insight into the traditional instruments, songs and original manuscripts of this Picturesque country. It is an excellent book to gain the perspective of a foreign national regarding Nepalese culture and history. The book contains an interesting history of Nepal including that of Newaris and Kathmandu. It is also termed as the myth of Kathmandu.
Battles of the New Republic: A Contemporary History of Nepal by Prashant Jha
Battles of the New Republic: A Contemporary History of Nepal is a story of Nepal's transformation from war to peace, monarchy to a republic, a Hindu kingdom to a secular state, and a unitary to a potential federal state.
Part-reportage, part-history, part-analysis, part-memoir, and part-biography of the key characters, the book breaks new ground in political writing from the region. With access to the most powerful leaders in the country as well as diplomats, it gives an unprecedented glimpse into Kathmandu's high politics. But this is coupled with ground-level reportage on the lives of ordinary citizens of the hills and the plains, striving for a democratic, just and equitable society.
It tracks the hard grind of political negotiations at the heart of the instability in Nepal. It traces the rise of a popular rebellion, its integration into the mainstream, and its steady decline. It investigates Nepal's status as a partly-sovereign country and reveals India's overwhelming role. It examines the angst of having to prove one's loyalties to one's own country and exposes the Hindu hill upper-caste dominated power structures.
Battles of the New Republic is a story of the deepening of democracy, of the death of a dream, and of that fundamental political dilemma - who exercises power, to what end, and for whose benefit.
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Feasts for Maghe Sankranti
Maghe Sankranti, or Makar Sankranti, is one of the most auspicious religious festivals in Nepal. Celebrated on the first day of the month of Magh (January/February), Maghe Sankranti is typically a day spent with family, basking in the sun, and pampering oneself with food and oil massages - it ensures that one is well fed and nourished until the winter lasts!
Chaaku
Tilauri and Til ko Laddu
Sakhar-Khand, Pidaalu and Tarul
Gheu
Khichadi
Maghe Sankranti, or Makar Sankranti as it is often called, is one of the most auspicious religious festivals in Nepal. Celebrated on the first day of the month of Magh (January/February), Nepalese people celebrate the festival to mark the end of winter into the upcoming spring.
Devotees wake up in the early hours before sunrise and take a bath in many holy rivers, singing devotional songs and offer water to the Sun God, Surya. According to beliefs, the bath purifies the self, the soul and fulfils wishes. People also visit temples, visit their most elderly relatives, friends and family, and give-receive blessings.
Maghe Sankranti is typically a day spent with family, basking in the sun, and pampering oneself with food and oil massages - it ensures that one is well fed and nourished until the winter lasts!
Traditionally, Maghe Sankranti also commemorates the beginning of the harvest season, and is marked with great festivity and with special delicacies consumed only at this time of the year. For the ethnic group of Magars, however, the day is equivalent to their New Year - celebrated with grand communal gathering, and fanfare.
As with any other festivities, people partake in feasts with food items that are most suited and observed for the particular festival. Maghe Sankranti sees a buzz of many popular food items known and loved around the country. Every serving is a mix of colour and texture, and is a treat to the palette. The tempting aromas take over the senses and you could dive in for a bite. Once you dig in, the mix of colours you see on your plate will completely take over you as you bask in the warmth of the mid-January sun. So, let’s take a look, shall we?
1. Chaaku
Chaaku is quite famous already. These retreated molasses patties can be obtained in different sizes and are easily distinguishable because of the thick brown colour that it pertains. A lighter variant can also be found which are semi-solid jaggery called Gud, mainly sold during the festival.
2. Tilauri and Til ko Laddu
Tilauri, as the name suggests, is made from iTl (sesame seeds) and sugar, formed into a chewy candy. Tilauri has a light colour that separates it from Til ko Laddu which is generally made with a blend of til, gud and sugar and has a darker colour similar to that of chaaku.
3. Sakhar-Khand, Pidaalu and Tarul
Sakar-Khand or Sweet Potatoes are highly popular during this festival and are noticeable in almost all the markets around town. The streets are abuzz and you come across a number of vendors selling sweet potatoes. Similarly, pidaalu (taro roots) and tarul (yam) are also just as popular. While you are more likely to hear the buzz around sakhar and tarul, you will be able to find all three in the market in almost all shapes, sizes and textures.
4. Gheu
Gheu-Chaaku is arguably the most popular phrase you’ll hear in and around this festival, especially if you’re in a Newari community. Gheu is basically clarified butter and goes on and with all the food items that are eaten during this festival.
5. Khichadi
Focusing on healthy eating on this day of festivities, people partake on khichadi which is a traditional way of cooking rice with black gram daal. Paired with melted gheu-chaaku, it becomes a popular combination while enjoying the feast. Served with traditionally cooked meat, spinach and achaar, it can be considered a typical Nepali khana or meal and is the main course for the day.
Green leaf spinach is also a noted food partaken during this festival. All the food items during the festival focus on healthy eating and are observed for warming up the body, getting good nourishment, and the purification of one’s body.
This festival is believed to bring an end to the ill-omen month of Poush and the day, Magh 1, is also regarded as the coldest day of the year as well as the mark for the start of warmer seasons. The Hindus worship Lord Shiva on the day, offering delicacies like sakhar-khand, tilauri, chaaku tarul and gheu, with the belief that one becomes healthier by consuming such items to mark the occasion.
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7 Things to do in Patan
Patan, the ancient city located to the Southeast of Kathmandu is popular for its fine arts, ancient Hindu Temples and Buddhist monuments. Patan Durbar Square, a must-visit UNESCO world heritage site in the heart of the city, is popular for its exquisitely carved ancient palaces, temples, and shrines.
There are places away from home that will definitely resonate a sense of warmth that make you feel like you belong. Speaking from experiencing a similar sense of being, Patan is one of those places. If you ever find yourself around Patan, there is a high chance you're going to be in a spin, quite literally because Patan is an artistic labyrinth. It is a vibrant place that artistically binds ancient and modern together. It is unique in existence from the other durbar squares with the numerous gullies that gives it its labyrinthine build. Now if you're going to be around, here are ten things you can do in Patan.
1. Durbar Square
Stating the obvious! Patan is famous for the Newari architecture that features intrinsic wood carvings and brick work. There are several important temples in the area and you can never get tired of the early morning bhajans and the warm lights in the evenings.
2. Patan Museum
Located within the Durbar Square, it is a peaceful and relaxing place with a little garden in the back. While ticketing prices differ, it also has a café inside that will offer you a nice escape from the city.
3. Gully Tour
There are a lot of gullies in Patan that you can end up getting lost. Don't worry though, it wouldn't be the most stressful situation. There are areas built for worship and come out into big beautiful squares after moving around quite a lot of these gullies. I could call them alleyways but that's not that fun now, is it? Truth be told, personally its quite fun getting lost for hours.
4. Morning Treats
Early mornings in Patan are quite satisfying. There are traditional sweet shops offer treats like jeri-swari, gwaramari, malpa that pair well with a nice warm cup of tea. All the shops are always welcoming and early morning walks around the square are a big plus.
5. Rudravarna Mahabihar
Visit the Rudravarna Mahabihar in Okubahal. You'll be treated to beautifully-carved metal statues and the carvings on the walls are a true workmanship. This 1500 year-old monastery is renowned for its art, craft and architecture.
6. Pimbahal Pond
If you've been moving around all day this pond is worth checking out. You can visit the temples during day and come down to this pond to relax and feed some ducks. It’s the perfect place to watch as locals pass by and also get a breath of air before getting on with your schedules.
7. Visit the Zoo
Visiting the zoo is ideal if you have kids with you. The cages and animal care is better than before but you'll love the bird exhibit. It's a good place to spend time with your kids but not really if you're not with kids, but it makes for one of the things to do when in Patan.
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Text By Siris Maharjan; Picture Courtesy: Tobias Federle
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Yomari Punhi
Yomari Punhi, a Newari festival in Nepal is celebrated every year by Newari Communities marking the end of the rice harvest during the full moon day of November/December. It is said that eating Yomari or Yamari, a steamed dumpling made with rice flour with sweet such as Chaku inside takes away the cold.
The following story is based on ancient myths and texts which has been interpreted with additions of details to provide gravity.
As the winds of winter began beating the drums, it became obvious that the upcoming season was to be one of the coldest they would see. As Krita woke up, on a fine morning she couldn’t help but take a fresh breath of morning due, with a light hint of incenses. She went for her morning routine, and as she was about to head out to the Indreshwar Temple for her daily ritual. She cried out for her husband, “You have to wake up now. Today is the end of the harvest, help me out bringing in the grains. They aren’t going to roll themselves in the store! You also need to assist me in the kitchen today, if not then you should make plans to eat at your friend's house today. I can’t do it alone, I hope the harvest is enough to keep us this winter. Wake up!”
With a grunt, Suchandra tries to shrug her off but as Krita pulled the blanket, and as the winds of the fall morning made contact, Suchandra was awake as an owl. Krita left her husband, who looked like he had been hit by a wall of bricks for the temple of Indreshwar.
Along the way, she greeted the elders, took their blessings and heard the words of a celebration of the harvest festival to happen in the evening. She was filled with happiness and said to herself, “A festival that sounds amazing. When was the last time I was at a festival? Oh, When Suchandra and I went to Bhaktapur to see the Biska Jatra. He doesn’t even take me out anymore, he has grown lazy too, well typical of men!” Krita was mesmerized with the thought a festival in town and as she imagined the vibrant streets, the merry music she had a smile on her face. She was so lost in her thoughts, she failed to realize that she had already walked past the temple. Only later to come back to earth, when an elder asked the direction to the temple.
She walked with the elderly gentlemen, as they were headed the same direction. As they reached the temple, she bowed to him and told him that she shall part from here. The elder reached out his hand touched her forehead and said, “Bhagyamani Gui Ma!” ( May you be fortunate!)
As she offered her prayers to the deity she stopped by the local vendor, confused about what to put together for the daily meal. She noticed something peculiar amidst the produces being sold on that very day. The vendor had an assortment of Chaku (Sugar Molasses) and with the evening festivities in mind, she wished to make something new.
She bought a few blocks of Chaku along with a few more products and headed towards home. Suchandra had woken up and had started to prepare to bring in the grains of this seasons harvest. She smiled at him as she stepped inside her home and went towards the kitchen to sort all the produces. She stared at the Chaku as she placed it atop the table and wondered what treat she could whip up with this new ingredient. After placing all the produces, she headed outside to help her husband bring in all the grain.
As if in the blink of an eye, the day had passed by and with a quick lunch they continued taking in all the grain and began inventory. “This year it seems the gods have taken all our fortunes and given it at one go,” said Suchandra with a delightful smile as the grains this year had tripled last years harvest. “Did we cut down someone else's crops too?” Questioned Suchandra.“ Well if we had worked as hard as this year in the previous years, then we could have collected on our fortunes the previous years as well,” said Krita.
As the sun slowly set its way towards the western horizon the evening was soon to approach. The merry tunes of the drums could be heard playing in the distance. Krita is a panic, “What are we to prepare for the tonight?” Suchandra, “Well I don’t know, how should I know!”
Krita left the store in a hurry and made her way to the kitchen and stared at the produces she had collected earlier. Each great but none go together in avid confusion she began checking the stores. She took some rice grains from this year's harvest and took it in a hurry to the mill. She had them grounded to fine grain and wished to make her husbands favourite Chatamari (Rice Crepe). As she began preparing, she couldn’t help but stare at the Chaku she had procured in the morning. She then had an idea! “What if? No, I shouldn’t.”
She called out to Suchandra, “Can you help me in the kitchen? I want to finish early and go watch the festival. Suchandra made his way to the kitchen and Krita asked, “What if we make something different today?” Suchandra amused, “What do you mean by different?” Krita replied, “Can you take that Chaku and have it heated until it turns liquid? I have a thought.”
To which Suchandra replied, “Well if it doesn’t work then I’m be having your thoughts for the night meal.” Suchandra began heating the Chaku and Krita took the rice flour and kneaded it into a dough. She asked Suchandra to grab a dowel and asked him to pour the Chaku into the dough which she had shaped into a triangular and made a hollow in the middle. Suchandra amused didn’t want to get into another conversation began doing what Krita said. As the Chaku reached the rim of the shell she closed the top and had it sealed. She made two horn-like structures, “ These are your horns, the ones that you gain when you have a bit extra alcohol.” said Krita. Suchandra grunting placed two halves of black lentils onto another shell and said, “These are the beautiful eyes that you look at me with every day.” Krita couldn’t help but smile as she placed them onto a steaming basket.
Both had gotten very hungry and with every passing second, they felt like their stomach was coiling up like the body of a snake. “They must be ready, check them I’m very hungry” cried Suchandra. “ No they need more time, the shell wouldn’t even have hardened.“ said Krita. “Just a few minutes longer, your patience will be rewarded.”
In a short while, Krita opened the lid of the steamer and stared at a beautiful shell’s filled with delicious sugary goodness. Suchandra in a haste tried to grab one and have it devoured but Krita stopped Suchandra and said, “Not until we present it to Annapurna Devi. The only reason we get to have these treats is because of the great harvest we had this year. It’s all because of her blessings.” Krita took two of the shells and placed it in a leaf plate and went up to the pooja room. She got to her knees and placed the treats at the foot of a beautiful ideal of Annapurna and bowed to hear and offered her prayers.“ May you bless us, with a good harvest of grain every year.“ After lighting a bunch of incenses she came down to the kitchen and saw Suchandra’s hungry face. She rushed to pick up two shells and had it placed on a leaf plate and gave it to him. “My dear husband, your patience has been rewarded. Here you go.” Suchandra in the blink of an eye took a big bite of the shell and as he chewed the molten molasses dripped from the side of his lips. His frown turned into a smile and he exclaimed, “Yomari, Gajau Sau Mari!!” ( Such a delicious bread)
It is believed that Krita and Suchandra were the ones who first conceptualized the delicious treat of Yomari. Which today is enjoyed by the people of Nepal in the Punhi (Full Moon) which marks the end of the harvest season.
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Off-The-Beaten Paths not to miss this Visit Nepal 2020
If anyone seeks quiet and peace trekking routes, less traveled or fully off the beaten track. Nepal has a handful of very quiet, beautiful and splendor trails traversed by few, perfect for peace seekers.
Lifetime Experiences: Off-The-Beaten Paths You Shouldn’t Miss This Visit Nepal 2020
In 2018, Nepal Tourism Board launched “Visit Nepal 2020” with a tagline of “Lifetime Experiences”. Nepal awaits and welcomes you with our diverse culture, untarnished nature and geography. Nepal is a country with 8 of the 10 highest mountain peaks, and several layers of hills between the Himalayas and plain Terai range. Here are 4 places which are suitable for Visit Nepal 2020.
Pokali Jharana (Waterfall)
Best Season: April - July
Location: Okhaldhunga, Mid-Eastern Nepal
Duration: 2 - 3 days
Considered as second largest waterfall of Nepal, Pokali offers indifferent and mesmerizing experience with a touch of simplicity. Pokali Waterfall lies at Likhu rural municipality-9, Okhaldhunga, with view of mountains and green hills to accompany you through the way. Pokali is 200 km from Kathmandu. Sirishe Bazar (starting point for hike) can be reached in 8-9 hours drive from Kathmandu.
Pokali waterfall falls from 130m above from ground level. Once you are there, you can hear the magnificent waterfall through its roar from several hundred meters away and feel those cold droplets of water bouncing off the rocks as you draw near which reinvigorates your whole experience. On a lucky day, rainbow created by the sun’s rays around waterfall can be seen some time during the afternoon. It is highly recommended to spend some time in Hadi Daha (pond) located at the bottom of the waterfall where you can alleviate along the banks.
Moreover, Pokali is culturally diverse as people from different cultures such as Sunuwar, Sherpa, and other communities live together and have created a mixed culture with some interesting food variety. The delicacies in Pokali is worth the travel.
Tsum Valley Trek
Best Season: October - November and February - April
Location: Gorkha, Central Region
Duration: 10 - 14 days
The name Tsum” is derived from Tibetan word “Tsombo” which refers to vivid. Tsum valley is located in the northern Gorkha. This hidden valley hosts the view of Manaslu Himal(8156m), Ganesh Himal(7429m), and Boudha Himal range and is rich in ancient art, culture and tradition.
Tsum valley is one of the least trekked trail in comparison to other destination as it was restricted to travel before 2008. The local population of the valley are mostly of Tibetan origin and have their own dialects, traditions and customs. In a way, their culture and tradition are in contrast to other parts of Nepal. The valley is still untouched from privileges of modern society, as such, unique culture of Tsum has remained intact and unchanged for centuries, with minimal influence from the outside world. In addition, flora and fauna is culturally protected as hunting and fishing are prohibited here. And in the valley, clear nights give way to vivid stars and galaxy dust.
Trek to Tsum starts from Arughat in Gorkha district, one can easily reach in 7-8 hrs drive from Kathmandu. After which, the route follows through banks of Budhi Gandaki river and passes through dense forest, terraced fields & villages. You can also experience the beauty of alpine forests and glacial rivers along the way. Several Buddhist monasteries, Mani walls, illustration of deities provide a glimpse of ancient relics. The altitude in this trek varies from 1905m in Lhokpa to over 5093m on the Tibetan border at Ngula Dhojhyang Pass. The Tsum Valley trek is remote area trekking therefore, you cannot expect to have luxury accommodation so, camping can be a good option for the visitors and could be a once in a lifetime experience.
Khaptad National Park
Best Season: October - November and April - June
Location: Far-western Nepal
Duration: 7 - 10 days
Khaptad National Park, a protected area established in 1984, stretching over four districts of Bajhang, Bajura, Achham and Doti with elevation ranging from 1,400m to 3,300m above sea level. This park is regarded as a garden of herbs and a museum of natural history for its variety of medicinal herbs, various species of flowering plants, bird species such as flycatchers, bulbuls, cuckoos and eagles. Khaptad also hosts a rich variety of wild animals, such as barking deer, wild dog, wild boar, himalayan black bear, yellow-throated marten, macaques and langur monkey.
Escaping from city life into serene view of the meadows, sweet chirping of birds whilst listening to whistling winds is the kind of acquaintance you get from Khaptad. During spring to autumn, the fields have a magical touch and are said to be covered with various colorful blooming flowers such as Primulas, Wild Berries and Bistortas. However, being a high plateau, the weather can be unpredictable. Occasionally the clouds from neighbouring lowlands would cover sky in no time creating foggy environment.
Khaptad is also regarded with religious importance as it was home to Khaptad Baba (hindu saint) where he spent most of his life and it’s called Khaptad Baba Ashram. It is now an open museum. The other religiously important sites within the park include Tribeni, Khaptad Daha(lake), Kedardhunga, Maithan, Sahashra Linga.
The gateway to Khaptad is Silgarhi Bazaar in Doti district, from where the park headquarters is 50 kms. The best way to reach Silgarhi is via Attariya Chowk in Kailali district which is 9 hours drive. Buses to Attariya Chowk & Kailali, are available at the Central Bus Station, Gongabu, Kathmandu. Another option is to catch a flight to Dhangadi from where one can drive to Silgarhi Bazaar.
Makalu Barun National Park
Best Season: October - November and February - April
Location: Solukhumbu, North-Eastern Himalayas
Duration: 10 - 12 days
Makalu Barun National Park is situated in Sankhuwasabha and Solukhumbu districts. The Park covers 2,330 sq. kms out of which 1500 sq. kms is virtually uninhabited. This remote terrain stretches east from Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, between the high plateaus of Tibet and the deep gorge carved by The Arun River. The view of vigorous Himalayan peaks, including Mt. Makalu (8463m) 5th highest in the world, Mt. Chamlang (7319 m) and Mt. Baruntse (7129m) is beyond comprehension due to its altitudinal incline.
Glaciers, glacial lakes, rivers, hot springs, cliffs, gorges and snow-capped peak are few of the main attractions here. This unique landscape shelters various unspoiled mountain ecosystems where rare species of animals and plants flourish in diverse climates and habitats, relatively undisturbed by human intrusion. Over 400 species of birds have been sighted in the Makalu Barun area, including spotted wren babbler and olive ground warbler. Wildlife including the endangered red panda, musk deer, Yarsagumba (caterpillar Fungus) are found here.
There are regular flights from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar. Or you can drive 11-12hours from kathmandu to Hile and then trek 3 days to Tumlingtar. From Tumlingtar you can head towards Sedua (headquarters of Makalu Barun). If u wish to go higher, then Tashi Gaon is your next stop where you have to refill your food and fuel supplies. Along the trail you have few designated camping sites with very few lodges. Some of these sites are: Khongma(3500m), Dobato(3500m), Yangle(3570m), Neghe(3700m), Langmale(4100m) and Shersong(4600m).
Note: Mountain sickness can also be a serious risk if elevation gains are rapid without proper acclimatization.
Be prepared for the variations in temperature and precipitation due to extreme difference in altitude, slope and aspect within the area. All of this makes Makalu Barun National Park a must visit place for the adventure seeker and those want to experience pristine wilderness of the eastern mountains of Nepal.
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UNESCO World Heritage: Pashupatinath
Being the most important Hindu shrine, the site receives a huge number of pilgrims travelling from all around the world to take blessings of Pashupati and bathe in the holy waters of the Bagmati. Be it an occasion, celebration or a basic Saturday, this site is overwhelmed with worshippers of Lord Shiva. It is highly recommended to visit the temple during the morning and evening aratis.
The site was inscribed into the list of UNESCO World Heritage in 1979 AD. It span’s a total area of 246 hectors which encompass, the temples, ghats and monuments. The site is one to hundreds of sacred rituals performed by the priests every day.
Legend has it, Manjusri after draining the Nagardha (Kathmandu Valley) established a beautiful Slesamantaka Forest near Guhyesvari for the services of Swayambhu and Guhyesvari. As the forest grew dense and beings began populating the great forest. It was then Krakucchanda Buddha visited the valley. One fine day he was near the Slesamantaka forest and saw Brahma, Visnu and Mahesvara who had manifested themselves in the form of a deer and lived in the forest. The place was since then called Mrgasthali from that day on.
In time Brahma, Visnu and Mahesvara agreed to leave their deer from in the forest and go back to abodes. During when, Mahesvara (Shiva) left his deer form at the bank of the Vagmati(Bagmati), as he manifested as a light that pervaded through seven worlds upwards from Earth and seven worlds downwards from hell. Lord Brahma went upwards to cross the light of Mahadeva, which had extended beyond seven worlds from the earth whereas Lord Visnu did the same in the downward direction. The place from where Visnu departed towards hell is known as Visnugupta. Similarly, the place from which Mahadeva left his deer from into light is known as Pashupati.
The given text has been phrased from the Chronicles of Daniel Wright, which were translated from the Nepal Vamshawali and is the first mention of the site of Pashupati. The true origin of the temple complex has been debated and a definite conclusion even till this day has not been made. According to the Nepal Vamshawali, the temple is said of have been built by King Dharmadatta, “During his rule, King Dharmadatta built the temple of Pasupatinatha with a large linga, following the advice of astrologers and wise panditas. He performed the consecration ritual, offered valuable goods, and pleased the god. To the northwest of Pashupati, he built a caitya as the abode of all the gods and decorated it with accompanying deities. He named it Dharmadatta Caitya, observed vows day and night, and established the dharma.” (Bajracharya & Michaels,2016, p.14)
In the time it is believed that the original temple collapsed and it was rediscovered during the era of Ne Muni. “This Raja, by name Bhuktamana, reigned 88 years and Pashupati was discovered in his reign.” ( Wright,1877, 108) Following the trail, it seems that Gopala King Bhuktamana had rebuilt the temple of Pashupati but it again had collapsed to be rebuilt during the rule of Somavamsi Kings, “His son, King Pasupresadeva, 4th generation. This king settled the valley with the people of four castes. The temple of the linga of Pashupatinatha, which had been built earlier by the Gopala Kings, was ruined. In the year 1234 of the Kaligata Era, he rebuilt it into a five-storey temple adorned with golden roofs, a pinnacle (Gajura) and a jewel on its top. Since this day, the temple of Pasupatinatha became taller, and people could pay darsana to it from far away.” (Bajracharya & Michaels, 2016 Pg. 35)
The temple was later revised into 2 stories and various Lichhavi and Malla Kings offered golden roofs and built various sites and monuments around the main temple. The current temple complex features a multitude of shrines, dharamsala's and temples. The site was inscribed into the list of UNESCO World Heritage in 1979 AD. It span’s a total area of 246 hectors which encompass, the temples, ghats and monuments. The site is one to hundreds of sacred rituals performed by the priests every day.
Being the most important Hindu shrine, the site receives a huge number of pilgrims traveling from all around the world to take blessings of Pashupati and bathe in the holy waters of the Bagmati(Bagmati). Looking from atop the bridge, near the Ghat its a surreal experience which is shared by multiple visitors as they witness the final rites before cremation, and the openness of death. Besides to which individuals are bathing in the same waters where the ashes are poured. It is a spectacle which has become a sort of attraction in the area, which for many is a time of great reflection of one's life, actions and virtues.
The history of the region might be vague, but the believes and values the site of Pashupati portrays is not. It stands as a beacon of light, uniting the world through its history, symbolism, religious importance and architecture.
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Great Souvenirs to Take Back Home This 2020
Take home the best and the popular Nepali souvenirs as a memory to remember the visit to the Himalayan country, Nepal. After each visit to Nepal, every tourist carries back these popular souvenirs as memory and gifts to family and friends.
Nepal, a country where one can find diverse culture and traditions, is a world in itself. Lying along the southern slope of the Himalayas, the country is not only enriched with exquisite floras and faunas upholding a harmonious relationship, but also with numerous culture tradition dialects and people of all walks of life. From the magnificent snow-clad mountains in the north to the humongous plains of the Terai, one can find extreme serenity admiring the complexity of natural beauty the country beholds. The country has so much to offer which can be a sweetener to your family, friends or yourself as a remembrance. Various relics that depict the country and its culture makes anyone not go back home empty-handed.
Anything That’s Dhaka
The eccentric piece of clothing i.e. Dhaka has an all-pervading influence in the culture and traditions of the people living in Nepal and has been reckoned as the artefact of honour and culture of the nation. The Dhaka cloth is very well-liked and admired by the locals along with visitors which has led the textile to be affirmative when it comes to export. Moreover, the handwoven fabric from organic cotton yarns has successfully arrested the curiosity and the attention of the tourists. Nowadays, Dhaka is being used to make various goods and accessories such as shirts, shawls, scarves, purses, bags, hats for men and sarees for women by utilizing numerous vibrant and ranges of colors to make it look more alluring and attractive. The peculiar style and noteworthy quality can be sublime to the taste of the tourists which could be a good souvenir to take back home.
Buddhist Prayer Flags
“The most eye-catching and homestyle memento is no doubt those decorative Buddhist prayer flags which endorse the concept of peace, empathy, warmth and wisdom. The simplicity and the beauty itself is the key excuse for tourists to take them back home,” says the reporter, Juliyana Shah, from Tourism Mail, ensuring the aesthetic along with its importance. “They are more than just a piece of art, they give you ethereal and intangible triumph which is something you would love to share and give to someone you want to make happy.” Buddhist prayer flags might not be extravagant but they have deep spiritual significance and make for thoughtful souvenirs.
Singing Bowls
The artistic hand-hammered antique allows oneself to cherish the plentiful euphony produced by it which can be used for healing and meditative gains. Singing bowls are one of the most delicate and pleasant pieces that are available here in Nepal. These metallic bowls make calming and reassuring sounds which take anyone to their euphoric state. There are some benefits of it and one being that it gives clarity to the mind, body, soul and intuition. Highly beautified and well-thought bowls have a small wooden stick that works as an accessory for us to knead the rim of the bowl in a circular way to create the soothing chime.
Lokta Paper
Made out of rice husks, rice paper is a very popular textile that is patently available in the markets of Nepal. Also known as “Nepali Paper”, it is often used as a base for various art paintings and documents paper. The country is a huge producer of rice paper and has managed to make its place in foreign markets. Many items are being produced with the help of rice paper such as journals, lanterns, albums, diaries and many more. Rice paper has flourished itself in the tourism domain.
Khukuri (Gurkha Knives)
Both used as a tool and a weapon, Khukuri is the national armour as it represents the galore of the country. “One notable thing is that tourists are very fascinated towards Khukuri,” Dipchandra Kalika says. “The sole reason behind this interest maybe because they see these knives on sale which symbolizes as a token of bravery which perhaps is a rare case in the western countries. Another excuse would be because they find it fancy as the knives we have here are differently structured or have a distinct recurved blade.” With the opinion of Khukuri being a new concept when it comes to craftsmanship, he concludes by saying that despite the ravishing design, this makes a thoughtful souvenir from the country itself to its visitors.
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UNESCO World Heritage: Lumbini
A famous place of pilgrimage and one of the must-visit sites in Nepal is popular among Buddhists with its monasteries, pagodas, and museum. The birthplace of Lord Buddha is a 10-hour drive and 35 minutes by flight from Kathmandu.
In the southern plans of the republic of Nepal, lies one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites to the followers of Buddhism. Commonly known as Lumbini is the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama who achieved enlightenment and became the Buddha and founded the religion of Buddhism.
The name Lumbini means “the lovely” in history lied southwest of the oligarchic republic of Koilya kingdom of the clan of Shakya. According to the findings of Tara Nanda Mishra published in the journal Ancient Nepal, “ Lumbini Devi also spelt as Rummindei or Rupandevi ( Beautiful Lady), was the queen of King Suddhodhana, who was the King of Devadaha, which was also the capital city and the administrative headquarter of the Koilya republican stat. On the request of his queen, King Anjana made a beautiful garden on the bank of Telar (oil) river. Thus the place had been named after his queen, Lumbini. According to the Jataka story, Lumbini during the time of Lord Buddha has been described as a big Sal garden which was jointly owned by Sakyas of Kapilvastu and the Koiyas of Atthakantha places it near Devadahha Nigrama. Buddha Charita of Asvaghosa describes Lumbini as “ Gay like the garden of Chaitra Ratha with trees of every kind.”
The site of current Lumbini in history had been lost to time, up until the discovery of the Ashoka Pillar. King Asoka of Magadha was a famous Emperor who had visited the site in 249 BC. He was accompanied by Upagupta who is believed to have been his teacher. The validation of the site to be the birthplace of Lord Buddha was provided by the inscription on the Asoka Pillar which reads, “ Here the Buddha Sakyamuni was born” and “Here Bhagwan was born at the Lumbini Village”. Further validation was provided by the accounts of the visits of Fa-Hian a Chinese traveller who had visited the village in 5th century AD. And Seng-Tsai a Yueh- Chih monk who visited the site in 3rd-4th century AD.
In modern history, the site of Lumbini was discovered in 1896 AD, in a joint expedition of Gen.Khadga Shumsher and Dr A. Fuhrer. The first excavation of the Mayadevi Temple was done in 1898 AD, by P.C Mukherjee along with the excavation of some stupas on the southern flank and a few temples in the south-west flank.
The site was inscribed to the UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in 1997 AD. After the visit of the Secretary-General of United Nations U Thant, in April of 1967 AD. He proposed the development of Lumbini into a major centre of pilgrimage. Which was followed by a UNDP consultant mission in December 1969, which led to a report that established the basis of planning around Lumbini. The Kenzo Tange Master Plan for Lumbini began in 1972 and was finalized and approved in 1978 AD.
The plan covers an area of 5x5 miles with a central square mile being the Sacred Garden within which is the UNESCO World Heritage Property. Of the Master Plan, the 1x3 miles area which includes three zones: New Lumbini Village, Cultural/Monastic Zone and the Sacred Garden- are part of the Lumbini Project Area.
Present-day Lumbini would not have been a reality if not for the efforts of various scholars, archaeologists who helped discover and preserve the originality of the location. The current site of Lumbini is bordered by a large monastic zone which is only home to monasteries. The zone is prohibited of construction of any shops, hotels or restaurants. The zone has been divided into eastern and western monastic zones, the eastern site features Theravadin monasteries whereas the western site features Mahayana and Vajrayana monasteries. The sites are separated by a long water-filled canal, with a series of brick arch bridges joining the two sides along the length. The holy site of Lumbini has well-preserved sites of ancient monasteries, a sacred Bodhi tree, an ancient bath pond, the Ashokan pillar and the Mayadevi Temple which is believed to be the site of the birth of Siddhartha Gautama.
With the existing domestic airport being upgraded to an international airport, Lumbini is bound to receive a rush of new visitors made accessible by the upgrade. The site is a 10-hour drive from Kathmandu whereas a 30-minute drive from Bhairahawa. By air, the site is 35 minutes from Tribhuwan International Airport whereas from Pokhara 20 minutes.
With the upcoming Visit Nepal Year 2020, all fingers are crossed for the operation of the new international airport which would allow more pilgrims and visitors to witness the history and majesty of the holy site.
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Ga: Pyakhan: The Dance of The Asta Matrika’s
Ga: Pyakhan in Patan(Asta Matrika Dance) is popular among the locals of Patan. The dance of Eight Mother Goddesses, deities of Hindus, is performed by male Buddhist dance during the Nepalese biggest Dashain festival. The dance is staged in the royal court of Mulchowk, inside the Patan Durbar Square of Lalitpur. It is believed that the dance is performed as a worship of the deities to bring the prosperity and fortune to the people.
350 years ago King Sri Nivasa Malla as he sat down by the window of his palace at Patan Dubar Square is believed to have noticed something peculiar. On a starry night he began hearing the tranquil melody of pauju ( Anklets) slowly approaching, and from a distance he saw a group of individuals dancing towards the palace. As he sat in wonder, who they might be? As they approached close, he could not fathom the beauty that his sights beholds. The group which displayed a beautiful dance was no other than the Asta Matrika’s ( Eight Mother Goddesses). Who danced there way into the court of Mul Chowk. King Sri Nivasa Malla, ran to the court to take blessings and witness their divinity but as he reached the palace square the Matrika’s had already ascended.
The “Gaan Pyakhan” is staged in the royal court of Mulchowk, inside Patan Durbar Square, Kartik Dabali and Nakabail Tol. “Gaan” translates from Newari as “Group” and “Pyakhan” translates to “dance”. The dance begins from the night of Ghatsthapana and is brought to a close during the night of Ekadashi.
According to legends, the King’s priests advised him to incorporate the newar pantheon so that they might not take offence. Thus, the dance features thirteen deities, eight mother goddesses ( Brahmani, Mahesvari, Bal Kumari, Vaishnavi, Varahi, Indrayani, Mahakali and Mahalaxmi), and five newar patron deities (Bhairav, Simhini, Vyagrihi, Lord Ganesh and Lord Kumar).
The goddesses are embodied by select individuals who have observed sacred rights and measures of purity. The performers first visit the shrine of Vajrasattva and take on the threefold refuge—Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. After which they take blessings from their teacher and present an offering. After all the performers have completed the ritual, the musicians play the opening tune following which the teacher instructs them in the dance in front of the temple of Nrityeshwara, the Lord of Dance. They then observe Upasadha (fasting) for a complete day and engage in meditation.
The Gaan Pyakha stands out from other masked dances of Kathmandu Valley in terms of the individuals who perform the dance. Most masked dances are performed by subjected lower castes of the society whereas the Gaan Pyakha is performed by the highest order of Buddhist castes (Bajracharya and Shakya).
It is a tradition passed down through generations, an art form first learned through observation of their grandparents and parents. Traditionally the next generation starts from the age of eight which is still continued to this date; to later be initiated by the chief priest and taught the ancient form of “Charya Nritya”, an ancient tantric form of spiritual meditation where the performer visualizes himself as the deity. It is symbolized by dresses with the color of the deity and various ornaments. The final piece is the mask itself, created in the image of the deity. The masks themselves have minute symbolic details in relation to the deity.
It is believed that the dance of Asta Matrikas is performed to remove various obstacles—the eight great fears (Water, Lions, Fire, Snakes, Elephants, Thieves, False Imprisonment and Ghosts). The worship of the deities is thought to bring prosperity and fortune to the king and his people.
The inception of the Asta Matrikas in the pantheon of the Gods and Goddesses of Nepal Valley(Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur) has multiple origins. One of the many legends associated is how the Asta Matrika’s were the guardians of the mother of Avalokitesvara Karunamaya also known as Rato Matsyendranath. He was brought from Kamakhya,Orissa by King Naradeva, Acharya Banudhata and Ratnakar Jyapu after the Nepal Valley faced a severe drought. Her mother the Queen refused to give away her son and after he was brought to the valley by a form of trickery. She followed and brought her guardians and an army. Knowing the immediate threat to the valley by her rage, Banudhata cast a spell trapping the her in the tree which stands tall at Lagankhel, Patan. After which nothing is known of the Matrikas but it is believed that they choose to stay in the valley to guard their Queen.
Times have changed since the inception of the Gaan Pyakhan; the Malla kings were overthrown by the Shah's but the tradition still continued. However, as the modern winds swept in, it became harder to sustain such archaic traditions. After the fall of the monarchy, many such cultural dances faced near extinction, as the King always bore the cost.
Our highest priorities in all our Nepal biking trips are safety, quality and enjoyment. You will ride on these wild and challenging trails through some of the most stunning scenic and cultural landscapes in the world. With the stunning backdrop of the Himalayan ranges, the extreme valleys and old forests of the rugged middle hills, the charming terraced fields and bright smiles in the timeless villages, you will remember this journey for its unique beauty as well as its challenging mountain biking terrain.
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