Endangered Fauna of Nepal
Nepal is a natural wonder. This nation isn’t just called home by its people but also various species of flora and fauna that flourish in the diverse habitats. Over the years, the increase in human settlements, global warming, poaching and other human activities many species are finding it difficult to survive, let alone thrive. Numerous efforts are being made to ensure these delicate species survive to be witnessed and cherished by our future generation.
As a small but diverse nation, Nepal boasts an incredible number of fauna species. As per available records, Nepal has 181 mammal species, 844 bird species, 100 reptile species, 185 fresh water fish species and 635 butterfly species.
Natural and human issues have caused encroachment of habitat, and rapid decrease in population. Numerous species have become extinct and some are on the verge of it. Various National and International bodies have carried out multiple surveys to triangulate their habitat and population. Amongst the various endangered fauna of Nepal, the major ones are as follows:
1. Snow Leopard
The snow leopard is one of the most reclusive predators in the world. Their remaining population is distributed in the regions of Mustang, Mugu, Dolpo, Taplejung and Humla. Their prime characteristic is their smoky grey fur coat with dark grey spots that aid in camouflage. They weigh an average of 40 kg and can grow up to 2.3m in the wild.
Their population is at a threat due to habitat loss, loss of prey and human conflicts. The leopard's fur, bones and body parts are in demand due to their medicinal use in Asian culture. However, poaching incidences are rare.
They were categorized by The World Conservation Union (IUCN) as an endangered species since 1972. It is also protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In terms of the national legislature, they are protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973.
As per recent figures, there are an estimated 3500-7000 snow leopards in the wild. Of which, 300-4000 are found in the Himalayan belt of Nepal.
2. Red Panda
Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) is part of the Carnivora Order and Ailuridae Family. In Nepal, their habitat falls under Langtang National park, Sagarmatha National Park, Kanchanjunga Conservation Area and Makalu Barun National Park. In terms of the globe, they are native to Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, South China etc.
The IUCN incorporated these vulnerable species in their Red List and Appendix I of CITES. In Nepal, they are protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973. They are protected due to the rapid decline in population led by heavy habitat loss. Globally their colourful skin is in high demand. Thus, there have been records of poaching and illegal smuggling.
3. Bengal Tiger
The Bengal Tiger is the crown jewel of Chitwan and Bardia National Park. Hundreds and thousands of tourists visit the park every year to get a chance to witness these incredible beasts in their natural habitat. The current global population of these tigers are merely 7% of its old number. Historically, there were nine sub-species 3are already extinct. They were hunted for their skin and body parts.
Today The Bengal Tigerand other sub-species are listed in CITES. It is also featured in IUCN's Red List. As per national law, they are protected by the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973. Since the establishment of Chitwan National Park in 1970 AD, numerous anti-poaching measures and strict monitoring have been implemented.
4. Pangolin
When it comes to discussions regarding endangered animals, the Pangolin rarely makes a début. Nepal is home to two species of Pangolin:
A. Indian Pangolin
B. Chinese Pangolin
As per recent investigations, poaching of Pangolin is increasing rapidly. Poachers are also using Nepal as a transit destination due to its lack of regulations to smuggle them into China. Pangolin scales, meat, and body parts are a prized commodity in the Chinese market. Both varieties are protected by IUCN. In Nepal, killing, poaching, transporting, selling or buying Pangolin is punishable with Rs 1 million in fine/ or up to 15 years in jail.
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Mountaineering Adventure In Nepal
Many souls crave an adventure in the Himalayas. There are numerous snow-covered peaks in Nepal. They are open to national and international mountaineers to the summit. In this blog, we shall look into some of these majestic mountains.
The art of climbing a mountain is a hard-earned skill. It is a challenge and an adventure that takes you to one of the most remote regions of this nation and allows you great views that are unfathomable.After the first successful summit of Mt Everest by Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary, mountaineering took great leaps. After this summit, the Nepalese authorities also took steps to develop mountaineering infrastructure and regulations.
When is Nepal’s climbing season?
Nepal has two main climbing seasons:
1. March to Early May: This period is considered the golden period for mountaineering adventures. The days and nights are typically warmer this time of the year. The visibility during this period is also nominal.
2. September to November: The nights during this period are more chilly than between March to Early May. The visibility is nominal with minimal weather disturbances.
How do I acquire a climbing permit?
Every climber must adhere to laws set by the Government of Nepal during their expedition. Please click on the following link to know more about the rules and regulations related to mountaineering expeditions: [Click Here]
Nepal Mountaineering Association issues the climbing permits. You are required to submit the following documents:
1. Bank Voucher from Nabil Bank of Permit Fee [Click here to find out the service charges for foreign climbers] and Garbage Deposit
2. Accidental insurance of 15 lakh
3. Medical insurance of 4 lakh and
4. Rescue insurance of Climbing Guide
(Documents 2,3&4 are required for Nepalese climbers as well)
Which peaks are open for climbers?
As per the tourism department of Nepal, 468 peaks are open and proposed to be open for climbing. You can [Click here] to view their profile.
How long is the permitted period?
The mountaineering permit is for a period of one month. The permission is open to an extension if required for two weeks. The period of permission relates to time spent climbing above base camp.
Will I also require a trekking permit on top of my climbing permit?
Yes, you need to acquire a TIMS card and trekking permit.
Where do I get mountaineering training?
The Nepal Mountaineering Association provides both basic and advanced mountaineering training in Nepal.
Top 2 beginner peaks in Nepal
1. Mera Peak
Elevation: 6470 M/ 21227 FT
Location: Province 1
District: Solukhumbu
Nearest Health Centre: Lukla 29.8 KM
Royalty Fees:
A. For Nepalese: Rs 4000(Spring) , 2000(Autumn), 1000 (Winter/Summer)
B. For Foreigners (USD): 250 (Spring), 125(Autumn), 70 (Winter/Summer)
Accessibility
From Kathmandu: Flight to Lukla
Caravan Route: Lukla-Chhatrala- Thanknak-Khare- Base Camp (BC)
Climbing Route Length: 4.2 KM
Duration: 17 Days
The Nepal Mountaineering Association provides both basic and advanced mountaineering training. Mera peak is the highest trekking peak in Nepal.
Nepal Mountaineering Association (NMA) manages the peak. Meera Peak is an expert recommendation for novice mountaineers due to its non-technical nature.
It is an eye-opener for enthusiasts of mountaineering. The summit of Mera offers a breathtaking of the world’s five highest mountains: Mount Everest, Lhotse, Kanchenjunga, Makalu and Cho Oyu.
2. Island Peak (Imja Tse)
Elevation: 6165 M/ 20226 FT
Location: Province 1
District: Solukhumbu
Nearest Health Centre: Namche 28.5 KM
Royalty Fees:
A.For Nepalese: Rs 4000(Spring) , 2000(Autumn), 1000 (Winter/Summer)
B.For Foreigners (USD): 250 (Spring), 125(Autumn), 70 (Winter/Summer)
Accessibility
From Kathmandu: Flight to Lukla
Caravan Route: Lukla- Namche- Khumjung- Dinboche- Chukung- Base Camp (BC)
Climbing Route Length: 2.4 KM
Duration: 18 Days
Imja Tse is also known as Island Peak. The peak got its nickname from a British Expedition en route to Mt Everest. As they looked towards Imja Tse, it seemed like an island in a sea of ice from Dingboche. The summit of Imja offers majestic views of Everest, Ama Dablam, Makalu, Nuptse, Baruntse, Lhotse and other famous summits. The climb to the summit is moreover straightforward. There are only a few sections that require technical manoeuvring.
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A Train of Flavours At Kailash Restaurant
Hotel Shanker is a space of fusion: the architecture- an abode with European glitz and Newari glamour and its restaurant, Kailash- a global train of flavours.
The neoclassical façade of Hotel Shanker, at times, is a sight for sore eyes. Its white paint and lush green gardens are a welcome sight in a bustling urban city. A former Rana palace, this property was acquired by Mr Ram Shanker Shrestha in 1964 AD. The roots of the founder's ethnic heritage can be seen in the remodelled interior. The brilliantly carved wooden windows, thorana and columns that one sees in only temples and museums are proudly displayed throughout the hotel.
A great trip features three things. An exciting accommodation, tantalising attractions and sumptuous food. The attractions in Kathmandu are exquisite, and the stay at Hotel Shanker is marvellous and filled with numerous amenities and great hospitality. Diving down into food, Kailash Restaurant, one of two dining facilities on the premises, offers flavours of the world.
The culinary team at both the facilities: Kailash Restaurant and Poolside Bar, is headed by Mr Keshab Ram Shrestha. He joined the family of Hotel Shanker in the year 2014 AD. He has over 30 years of experience accumulated at numerous world-renown hotels such as Hilton Hotel (Abu Dhabi), Park Hyatt (Australia) and Hyatt Hotel (Nepal).
The dining space of Kailash is an intricate display of Nepalese craftsmanship. It features exquisite works of art, well preserved by various artisans. The facility is capable of housing 50+ guests. The kitchen features state of the art equipment and strictly follows international standards of safety and hygiene.
The menu is a train of flavours devised by the team of Hotel Shanker. It features hits such as the Caesar salad, fish and chips, pasta, biryani and others. Various continental, Indian, Chinese and Nepalese dishes are featured on the menu.
The stars of the menu are:
Pan-Fried Norwegian Salmon
Roast Duck Cantonese Style
Crispy Chicken Salt & Pepper and
The Hyderabad Chicken Biryani
These dishes stand out from the crowd due to their exotic ingredients and great flavour. The first dish boasts a succulent fillet of Norwegian Salmon. It is pan-fried and basted in butter. A good serving of mashed potato, baby carrots and broad beans accompany the fish. Lemon butter sauce is drizzled generously. The flavours are explosive! The mildly blacked salmon skin gives off a gentle crunch with hints of char. The fillet tastes buttery and citrusy. The citrus in the sauce helps cut the rich mashed potato.
Roasted Duck is a popular dish in Java Islands. The roasting process eliminates the muddy tones of the bird. It is then cut into bite-size pieces and tossed in a Cantonese style sauce. The brown sauce imparts sweet and sour notes. The dish is mildly spicy. If you want it to be spicier chilli oil or chilli flakes can be added to it.
The crispy chicken is a great dish to enjoy with friends from the Chinese section of the menu. It features long deep-fried cuts of chicken that are later basted in oyster sauce. The crunch is short-lived as the sauce slowly sogs the chicken.
The hallmarks of the Hyderabadi style of biryani are the strong presence of spices and its potent scent. The culinary team at Hotel Shanker have done justice to the ingredients. Masala raita accompanies the brass biryani serving bowl.
The portion size is adequate for three. The dish is available in three variations: vegetable, chicken and mutton.
To sum it all up, Kailash is a unique dining experience set in a Newari theme in a neoclassical establishment with rich heritage.
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An Adventure In Lower Mustang - Part III
The region of Mustang is unique. Life in this part of Nepal is simple, peaceful and noteworthy. The people and their hospitality are memories that you can cherish for the rest of your life. This trek’s popularity comes from the opportunity to get a good glimpse of the Annapurna region in a short time duration.
Day 5: Trek to Jharkot
Total Trek Time: 3-4 hours
This segment of the trek is where you gain the most altitude. If you are in peak physical condition, you will be able to complete this leg of this journey in 3 hours. Trekkers leave after a good breakfast. If you start at dawn, then you shall reach Jharkot by noon. The village of Jarkot features a red Gompa (monastery) of the Shakya sect of Buddhism. The complex is approximately 500 years old. The Gompa also houses a school of Tibetan Medicine. In terms of the view, welcoming sites of the mountainscape are throughout the walk. Thorong La Pass, the highest point of the Annapurna Circuit, is visible from here.
Day 6: Trek to Muktinath
Total Trek Time: 3 hours
You may choose to either rest at Jharkot and walk to Muktinath the next day or continue forward to Muktinath on the same day. You can start in the morning after a full breakfast. In 2-3 hours, you shall reach Muktinath. This pilgrimage site is the crown jewel of the trek. Hundreds and thousands of devotees of Hindu and Buddhist fate visit this site for purification and salvation. The majority of devotees are from India, Tibet and Nepal.
Day 7: Trek to Jomsom
Total Trek Time: 5-6 hours
The trek back to Jomsom from Muktinath is relatively a breeze compared to the ascent. You shall be descending via Lupra Village, one of the few remaining Bonpo villages in the region. Bonpo is an ancient pre-Buddhist religion that flourished in this region. In this part of the trek, you see stunning views of the Himalayas. Once at Jomsom, you may visit the villages and sites missed previously and prepare yourself for your scheduled flight.
Day 8: Flight to Pokhara
Your day begins with an early breakfast post which you shall head towards the local airport to catch a flight to Pokhara.
The city of Pokhara is a famous tourist stop for trekkers and travellers who wish to venture to Annapurna or Western Nepal. The town features plenty of amenities and a stunning lake by which you may enjoy your favourite beverage.
Ten things one must do in Pokhara
1. Visit Phewa Tal (Fewa Lake)
2. Witness the sunrise from Sarangkot Hill Station
3. Visit the Peace Pogada
4. Check out the International Mountain Museum
5. Visit the Gurkha Memorial Museum
6. Get an adrenaline kick via Bungee Jumping
7. Explore the Butterfly Museum
8. Get a birds eye view of the city via Paragliding or Ultra Light
9. Experience Pokhara Skydiving
10. Explore the city and nearby villages
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An Adventure In Lower Mustang - Part II
Lower Mustang is one of the most popular treks in the Annapurna Conservation Area. It gives you a chance to witness the Himalayas without bothering with proper acclimatization. It is an adventure beyond your imagination.
Day 1: Arrival & Exploration
Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal. It isn’t just the seat of the federal government but also the epicentre of culture and heritage. Once you’ve arrived, look out for our hotel delegation in the arrival hall. If you haven’t requested airport pick-up, you can hop on a cab and ask the driver to take you to Hotel Shanker. After reaching the hotel, our team shall check you in at the earliest. In the meantime, you can relax with a fresh towel and sip on the seasonal welcome drink.
If you’ve booked a city tour pre-hand from our travel desk, our staff shall hand you an itinerary for the following. If you wish to book a city tour, please visit the travel desk in the lobby.
You may choose to explore the city on your own. While doing so, please be careful of street hawkers and scams in tourist areas.
Checkout these blogs:
B. 7 Things to do in Kathmandu
C. 7 Things to do in Bhaktapur
Day 2: A Morning Tour of Kathmandu & Flight to Pokhara
The morning hours are the best time to experience this ancient city. If you wish to experience the sunrise, you may visit the following spots:
1. Chandragiri Hill Station (Best all around the year)
2. Chovar Hill (Best all around the year)
3. Phulchowki Hill (Best during spring, requires a short hike)
If sunrise isn’t your thing, then these destinations are quick and a must:
1. Bouddhanath Stupa (18 minute drive from the hotel)
2. Swyambhu Stupa (15 minute drive from the hotel)
3. Patan Durbar Square (19-25 minute drive from the hotel)
4. Pashupatinath Temple (14 minute drive from the hotel)
An insightful morning tour of Kathmandu can be arranged as per your flight schedule. A regular flight to Pokhara is at an average of 15-18 minutes. Upon arrival in Pokhara, you may proceed towards your accommodation, have a beautiful day in Pokhara and prepare for your next flight to Jomsom. You can also get a direct connecting flight and skip exploring Pokhara.
The most popular choice is to explore Pokhara on day 2 and fly to Jomsom the next day.
Are you sure you’ve taken everything? Check this blog to see if you’ve prepared well for your trek: Click here
Day 3: Connecting Flight From Pokhara to Jomsom
If you choose the latter, you can enjoy your breakfast and embark upon a 25-minute flight to Jomsom. During the flight, you shall fly over Kali Gandaki- the deepest gorge in the world. If the weather is a view of Mt Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and more, greet you.
Arrival at Jomsom might take you back in time. The village is at 8900 feet (2700 m). Just the view from the airport is breathtaking, imagine how gorgeous the rest of your trip shall be. Jomsom, over the years, has served as a hub/ gateway to two prime destinations:
1. Upper Mustang and,
2. Muktinath (A very important Hindu & Buddhist site)
The population of Jomsom is merely 1370 as per the 2011 census. The village lies south of Kagbeni, which is your next destination. The landscape around Jomsom is rocky cliffs and high Himalayan peaks. It has sparse greenery, mostly rhododendron forests. The culture of this village is a mix of Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism.
Do you want to know more about trekking in Nepal? Click here to read an article on various treks and activities.
Day 4: Trek to Kagbeni
Total Trek Time: 3 to 4 hours
Your main trek begins from Jomsom. The first destination is to your north- Kagbeni. If you start your walk in the morning, you shall arrive at Kagbeni for lunch. The trails are wide and allow you to witness splendid views of the Annapurna Massif, Dhaulagiri, Nilgiri and Tukuche.
The village of Kagbeni lies atop a cliff that overlooks the junction of Kali Gandaki and Jong Khola (river). This village is also known as the entrance to Upper Mustang. You are requested to not head north end of the village. There is a clear sign that reads. “Restricted area! Tourists, please do not go beyond this point.” Tourists who have acquired a special permit for Upper Mustang are only allowed past the police check-point.
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An Adventure In Lower Mustang - Part 1
Mustang is a wonder, its semi arid deserts at times seem endless and magical. This valley was once a glorious kingdom known as Lo with its capital Lo Mangthang. The word ‘Mustang’ is Tibetan and means plain of aspiration.
Eroded canyons, panoramic view of the Himalayas, high-altitude deserts and stratified rock formations are the identity of Mustang. The demarcation of Upper and Lower Mustang was done by the national government to restrict foreign movement in the upper region. Even today, the Upper Mustang region is classified as a restricted area. Foreigners who wish to venture into this wonderous region are required to obtain a restricted area permit along with their TIMS Card and ACAP entry permit.
However, Lower Mustang doesn’t feature any of these restrictions.
Foreigners require only the basics: TIMS Card and ACAP entry permit to venture into this region.
Cost of TIMS Card & Permit:
1. Organized TIMS Card (Blue): $10
2. Individual TIMS Card (Green): $20
3. SAARC Country TIMS Card (Red): $3
4. ACAP Permit: $20
Where do I get the permit and card?
The TIMS card and permits are obtained from the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) office. They are located in Bhrikuti Mandap of Kathmandu and Lakeside Road of Pokhara.
What are the basics of Lower Mustang Trek?
Basic Itinerary Days: 9 Days
Route: KTM- PKR- Jomsom ( Flight) - Kagbeni (Trek) - Jharkot (Trek) - Muktinath (Trek) - Lupra (Trek) - Jomsom - PKR (Flight)
Trek Style: Tea House
Max Elevation: 3795 M
Attractions: Red Gompa, Apple Orchids, Muktinath Temple, Panoramic Peaks View, Thak Kola, Bonpo Monastery, Sayka Gompa
How do I start?
Once you have landed at TIA (Tribhuvan International Airport), you can either experience a bit of the capital (Kathmandu) for a few days or get a connecting flight to Pokhara. The distance between Pokhara and Kathmandu is 200 KM. You can opt to take a bus instead of a flight as well. Your available options are either local or deluxe buses.
Deluxe buses leave at 7 AM from Sorakhute Bus Station in Kathmandu. You may either book a ticket beforehand or arrive an hour early, pay and embark directly at the terminal. We recommend these buses as they have air conditioning. The travel time ranges between 7-8 hours, with stops for lunch and snacks at good quality rest stops.
You can skip all of the hassles by contacting the front desk officer at the hotel. S/he shall do their best to arrange these services for you. They can also develop a proper itinerary to experience Lower Mustang at a reasonable rate.
When is the right time to trek?
In Nepal, Spring and Autumn is prime trekking season. The skies are clear with light to minimal rainfall. Autumn (Mid-September to Mid-November) is best for Lower Mustang Trek.
During other months such as December - February, the climate is colder and potential high snowfall may not allow you to trek above High Camp. Whereas during pre-monsoon ( Mid-May to Mid-July) and monsoon (Mid-July to Mid-September), chances of rain and clouding are high. The forest area shall be full of leeches and mosquito's.
Spring (Mid-March to Mid-May) is also a great time to trek this region. Temperature is nominal, and winds are light, allowing you to have a beautiful walk. The plant life will be blossoming: amplifying the atmosphere.
What should I wear and carry?
Proper clothing is vital while trekking to remote areas. In Spring and Autumn, you need summer/light clothing for the day hours and warmers for the night. If you’re travelling during the pre-winter and winter months, you need to wear your heavy jacket. During pre-winter and winter, warm clothes are essential. A heavily padded jacket, full sleeve t-shirt and fleece-lined pants are essential. During spring and autumn, a parka is mandatory. An umbrella and a raincoat should be carried as well.
Does the trek cost the same around the year?
No, the cost presented to you by your tour agent varies as per the season. The cost of accommodation is higher during peak season. Food costs rise during winter as transportation of goods becomes difficult. During peak season, you are bound to be over-charged. Off-season treks are usually less expensive due to slow business. You’ll get a sweet deal if you time your adventure off-season.
In the next part of this article, we shall look into the itinerary.
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The Jewels of Province 2
Province 2, also known as Madhesh Province, is a majestic gem. It is home to numerous destinations that have both regional and national importance. The population of this province is southern ethnicities and Madeshi castes. A few highlights of this area are Parsa National Park, Janaki Temple and Gadhimai Temple.
The word Madhesh is derived from Sanskrit and means madhya desh (middle country). This title was used to identify the land in the middle of the Himalayas and the Vidhya mountains. In Modern Nepal, the word is used to describe the Terai region (land south of Siwalik Hills). The province features 20 large cities and towns. Amongst them, the largest is in Birgunj, with a population of 240,922. Second on the list is Janakpur, with 159,468.
The terrain in this region has minimal difficulties. It is the only province with a passenger railway line in Nepal. In terms of road connectivity, the main link is the Mahendra Highway. Also known as the East-West Highway of Nepal. This highway crosses through multiple areas of the province. The Tribhuvan Highway begins at Birgunj but doesn't have a large footprint as the Mahendra Highway. Other highways that link to this region are BP Highway, Birendra Highway and Postal Highway.
The region features 3 domestic airports:
A. Rajbiraj Airport
B. Janakpur Airport
C. Simara Airport
Nepal's largest international airport, Nijgadh International Airport, is currently under construction in this region.
45.36% of the population speak in Maithali. Bhojpuri and Bajjika are spoken by 18.59% and 14.68% of the population. The national language, Nepali, is spoken by only 6.56%. In terms of religion, 84.75% of the population is Hindu. 11.55% are Islam, and 3.01% are Buddhist.
In terms of tourism, province 2 has 26,092 individuals tourism workers. The majority of the popular destinations in this region are religious. There are no UNESCO World Heritage sites in this province, but Parsa National Park and Janaki Temple are two sites of great national interest.
Janaki Temple
Queen Virsha Bhanu of Tikamgarh built the temple in 1910 AD. The local name of this temple is Nau Lakha Mandir. Nau Lakha means 9 lakhs.
It is said that the construction cost was about the same amount. The temple was built on a holy site. As per legends, King Janak (Seeradhwaj) performed the worship of Shiva-Dhanus on this site. In 1657, a golden statue of Goddess Sita was found at this spot. Some historians state that Sita's home once stood here. Sannyasi (Saint) Shurkishordas is credited for discovering the golden image. He is also hailed as the founder of modern Janakpur.
Janaki Temple sees an influx of pilgrims, especially during Ram Navami, Vivaha Panchami, Dashain and Tihar. During other times of the year, traffic is very minimal. The majority of the pilgrims are from Nepal, India and Sri Lanka.
Parsa National Park
PNP is the 12th national park of Nepal. It spans two provinces (Madesh Province and Bagmati Province). The park's western boundary is Chitwan National Park, Makwanpur to its north, Bara to its east and Parsa and Valmiki Tiger Reserve to the south.
Initially, the area was protected as a wildlife reserve in 1984 AD. The aim was to preserve the habitat of the Asian Wild Elephant (Elephas maximus) and the remaining Char-Khose-Jhadi. In 2015 AD, 128.39 km2 of Bara district was incorporated into the reserve. In 2017 AD, the status of the demarcated area was raised to National Park.
The current land size of this park is 639 km2. The major attractions of this park are:
A. Royal Bengal Tiger
B. Bison
C. One-horned Rhinoceros
D. Wild Dog
E. 490 species of birds
F. Common Leopard
The best time of the year to visit PNP is during winter. The locals are permitted to cut the thatch grass during this reason, thus increasing visible range. This time of the year is optimal to view wildlife. For bird watching the months of February, April, September and November are best. Various species of migratory birds join the residential birds creating a spender view. The park management have built various view towers for enthusiasts to site wild elephants and tigers. There are also 3 elephant camps located respectively at Amlekhgunj, Partapur and Gaduwaline. Numerous providers offer jungle drives and elephant rides.
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Adrenaline Adventure In Nepal - Part II
Nepal is viewed as a natural or cultural destination. Through efforts from various sectors, Nepal is slowly climbing the ranks of being known as an adventurous destination as well. Over the years, the inception of various adrenaline thrills in Nepal has opened a new genre of tourism altogether in this small but humble nation.
In part one of this article, we looked into 5 adrenaline activities that one must try during their visit to Nepal. Continuing further, we look into 5 more adventurous activities in this part of the article.
Rafting
Did you know that Nepal has approximately 6000 rivers? Each river is an opportunity for adrenaline seekers to indulge in the pure serenity of water. The strength of rivers are classified into 6 classes:
a. Class 1: Easy
b. Class 2: Novice
c. Class 3: Beginner/ (intermediate) level
d. Class 4: Advanced Level
e. Class 5: Expert Level
f. Class 6: Extreme
Amongst the rivers currently open to rafting the grading is as follows:
I. Karnali River: Class IV-V (180 Km in length)
II. Tamur River: Class IV (120 Km in length)
III. Sunkoshi River: Class III-IV (270 Km in length)
IV. Kali Gandaki River: Class IV- V (90 Km in length)
V. Seti River: Class III-IV
VI. Bhotekoshi River: Class III to V (22 km in length)
VII. Marshyandgdi River: Class IV-V (27 km in length)
VIII. Trisuli River: Class III-IV
IX. Bheri River: Class III (105 Km in length)
Many potential sites exist, but dams and weirs are hindering the growth of rafting. The rafting season in Nepal spans from March-May and September to November. The months from June to mid-September features massive flooding due to the monsoon.
Mountain Biking
The thrill of experiencing the rugged terrain of Nepal on a mountain bike is an opportunity like no other. Nepal's potential in this sport is immense due to our nation's geography that provides the rider with the chance to experience the world in an oyster. The current go to destinations are Mustang and the epic Annapurna circuit in the Himalayas; Manjushri Trail in Kathmandu; Lakure via Surya Binayak in Bhaktapur and Sunpandali- Thulakot Loop in western Nepal.
1.Trekking
As they say, while on foot, an individual gets to truly take in the beauty of the surrounding. Nepal is an acclaimed trekking destination with multiple trails and circuits that allow a trekker to truly breathe in the beauty of nature. Nepal's geological diversity is both a blessing and a curse, but the rise in trekking has allowed remote households the opportunity to expand their income.
The landscape of Nepal offers trails of every grade and class. It doesn't matter if you're a novice or an adrenaline junkie who wishes to conquer the Himalayas on foot. Nepal offers a prospect for all. Various private and governmental interventions such as community tourism projects and the national conservation act has ensured the sustainability of tourism and trekking in Nepal.
Some of the major trekking routes of Nepal are as follows:
1. Annapurna Circuit Trek
2. Everest Base Camp Trek
3. The newly mapped Sisne Upper and Lower Trek in Western Nepal
4. Mardi Himal Trek
5. Ghorepani- Poon Hill Trek
6. Upper Mustang Trek
7. Shey Phoksundo Lake Trek
8. Manslu Trek
9. Langtang Trek
10. Kanchenjunga Region Trek
11. Limi Valley Trek in Humla
12. Rolwaling Valley Trek
13. Tsum Valley Trek
14. Kapuche Lake Trek
Trekking in Nepal is seasonal. The best time of the year is Spring, Autumn and Pre-Winter. But, trekking routes that fall under the shadow of the Trans-Himalaya can trek during the monsoon. The major hurdle during the monsoon is the disruption in the road and air networks of the country due to heavy rainfall.
Ultralight
Ultralight aircraft allow the adventurer to discover the majesty of the land from an eagle-eye perspective. Currently, micro-flights are run in the valley of Pokhara. Ultralight flights were introduced in the year 1997 AD. With the first successful professional flight in Pokara, the sport gained rapid popularity.
Ultralight Flight Facts
Best Season: From September to May
Take off and Landing Location: Pokhara Airport
Maximum Body Weight: Up to 100 KG
Flight Durations: 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes
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Hotel Shanker: An Architectural and Historical Landmark
Timeless and a class apart are a few words that are enough to describe a piece of architecture that has stood the testament of time. Hotel Shanker, over the years, has grown as a landmark of this city and shall forever be an example of heritage that meets hospitality.
Acknowledgement of one's history is what makes a concept ever so beautiful. Hotel Shanker is a living, breathing example of such a thought. Before its establishment as a luxury hotel, the estate was known as Lazimpat Durbar and Agni Bhawan. You might wonder, how did the estate get its names?
Toponymy
As per local accounts, this lane was formerly known as "lodge path". The area got its title from the magnitude of lodges available during the 19th century. It is said that the title was used by British residents who came to reside in Nepal after the Sugauli Treaty in 1816. Over the years, the name was localized to Lazimpat. Another account of history (Chief Historical Palaces of the Rana Era by Purushottam Shamsher Jawara) states that the locale got its name from the very palace of Lazimpat.
From 1914, the palace complex was known as Agni Bhawan as the estate was handed over to Agni Shamsher JB Rana. Digging deep into history, the original structure that occupied this land was built by Kaji Bir Keshar Pande, cousin- uncle of Damodar Pande. Damodar Pande is an influential figure in Nepalese history. Historians argue that the first prime minister of Nepal was Damodar Pande and not Bhimsen Thapa. Damodar Pande was the youngest son of Kalu Pande, the chief Kaji of King Prithivi Narayan Shah.
Thapathali, originally Nwakhusicho in Newari, is known as the abode of Thapa (Thapa- thalo). Similarly, Lazimpat Durbar is known as the abode of the Pande families. Kaji Bir Keshar Pande was amongst the nobles massacred in 1846 during the Kot Parva (Kot Massacre). After his death, the palace complex came under the occupancy of Kaji Mama Col. Tribikram Singh Thapa. During the army revolution, the old complex took significant damage. The property was taken over by Prime Minister Bir Shumsher JB Rana, who demolished the old structure and erected a new palace designed by Jogbir Sthapit in neoclassical style. The complex was built for his brother General Jit Shumsher. As he (Jit Shumsher) had no heir. In 1913, the place was captured by Juddha Shumsher after Jit Shumsher died. He gave it to his son Agni Shumsher JB Rana.
After Agni Shumsher passed away. The estate was equally distributed amongst his children. Kendra Shumsher sold his share to Ram Shanker Shrestha. Mr Shrestha then converted the place complex into the historical palace hotel that we know of today.
Humble beginnings
Late Mr Ram Shanker Shrestha, a renowned industrialist, inaugurated the palace complex as a hotel in 1964 AD. In between those years, he remodelled the interior but maintained the exterior. Operations began with just 23 rooms and expanded to its current capacity. For his service to the king and country, he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Gorkha Dakshina Bhau (Order of knighthood of Nepal).
A Neoclassical Abode
When you enter the premises, the grandeur makes you rethink which side of the planet you're on. The exterior facade takes you back not just to 19th century Nepal. But also mid-18th century Europe, a time when neoclassical movement was born. But we missed something important here. We leaned much towards the neoclassical elements of Europe.
This hotel is a symbol of the splendour of Newar neoclassical architecture. Best defined by a quote from the study conducted by Katharina Maria Lucia Weiler of Heidelberg, "Their residences, built during the first half of the 20th century in the larger cities of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur, adapted and incorporated neoclassical elements. In fact, the Ranas and Newars were attracted by universal themes that were appropriated into indigenous Nepalese buildings. This architecture thus exhibits a unique Newar building style, the Newar neoclassical, or "Rana style", as it is often called by the Newars themselves. Besides neoclassical forms, certain elements originating from Mughal architecture in India were introduced into the Newar vernacular architecture."
This amalgam is exhibited at Hotel Shanker, with elements of both Newar and European traditions coming together to create perfect eye candy.
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Adrenaline Adventure In Nepal
Nepal’s potential as an adventurous destination is immense. Over the years, various sectors tapped into this growing segment of adrenaline seekers by understanding their nation. Nepal is climbing the ranks quickly as a go-to adventure destination. Adrenaline seekers see Nepal as a great holiday to satisfy their kick. Nepal offers so much in a minimal footprint, and there is still more room to grow.
Ice Climbing
The first on our list is the newest addition to an adrenaline escapade in Nepal. Even though it falls under mountaineering, it is being simplified for adventure seekers who want to experience ice like never before. To date, there are two sites where one can indulge in this chilling sport, Humde in Manang and Thame in Khumbu. The sport is being facilitated by Nepal Mountaineering Association (NMA) and Nepal National Mountain Guide Association (NNMGA). The Visit Nepal Year 2020, which unfortunately couldn’t be executed due to the pandemic, featured a plan to accelerate the growth of this activity.
Paragliding
When it comes to feeling the wind, paragliding is the adventure of choice. The most popular destination for this sport is non-other than Pokhara. Sarangkot Hill is the take-off point for paragliders in this scenic valley.
Bandipur is also rising in the ranks as a go-to destination for this sport.
Both sites offer a great view of the Himalayas, along with an unobstructed view of the endless hills and farms. Flights last anywhere between 15, 30 or 45 minutes. If you plan on soaring high in the sky, please ensure you wear a good windproof jacket and light but comfortable shoes. Please make sure you are physically sound and communicate with your pilot. If you want the complete experience, let your pilot know you are up for acrobatic tumblings.
Ziplining
Where there is a hill, there is a zipline!
When zipline was introduced in Nepal, it was dubbed a crazy sport. The first adventurers shared their experience, and the sport went viral. Today, this sport is available in multiple destinations in Nepal. Ziplining can be experienced in Sarangkot of Pokhara, Makawanpur, Dhulikhel, Bhedetar, Kusma of Parbat, Kurintar of Chitwan, Chandragiri of Kathmandu, Nuwakot and Bhaktapur. It can be experienced by two individuals at the very same time or done solo.
The first zipline service in Nepal was established in 2010 AD in Sarangkot of Pokhara. The facility is 1,850 meters long and features international safety standards. American zip veteran company Zipflyer assisted Highground Adventures facility development.
The most popular destination for this experience is Pokhara. Dhulikhel Zipline takes second place. The unique selling point of Dhulikhel Zipline is your chance to become superman. The facility can give you a one in a lifetime opportunity to be superman unless you choose to zip again. You move in a horizontal position facing towards your destination. The harness is attached to the line at 90 degrees.
Canyoning
During canyoning, an enthusiast travels down a river tucked inside a canyon. S/he uses various techniques such as scrambling, abseiling, floating and swimming. Nepal is home to numerous exotic canyoning destinations for enthusiasts of all experiences. In terms of risk, it ranges from mild to high-risk depending upon the canyon.
The first canyon that gained popularity in this genre is situated in Jalbire. The Lamo Jharana (Long Waterfall) became a viral sensation due to its sheer natural beauty and canyoning prospect. It is located inside Chitwan National Park. To reach the waterfall, one must hike 20 minutes from Jalbire Temple situated on Muglin- Narayangarh Highway. The waterfall is 60 meters tall and is surrounded by lush green greenery.
Sky Diving
Sky diving in Nepal a few decades ago felt like an impossible dream, but today it is as real as it gets. On the scale of adrenaline-seeking, it ranks at the top of the scale. Merging two greats, ‘The Everest Skydive’ is a chance to witness Mt. Everest from a perspective like never before. The dive gives you a birds-eye view of the breathtaking Himalayas over the Khumbu region. From one Himalayan view to another, Pokhara Skydive gives you the chance to witness the beauty of the Annapurna range and a never seen view of Pokhara. It is a seasonal activity occurring only during autumn at Pame Lauruk dropzone, 11 km north of Phewa lake. The drop is from 11000-13000 ft above sea level from an AS 350 B3/B2 helicopter
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The Making of ACA
In 1986 AD, The NTNC (National Trust for Nature Conservation) launched a visionary project. The aim was to convert 7,629 sq. km of land in the Annapurna region home to 1,226 species of flowering plants, 105 mammals, 40 reptiles and 23 amphibians to a conservation area. This project was called Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), commonly known as Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA).
The Annapurna Conservation Area was established in 1992 AD. The project headed by National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) began in 1986 AD. The boundary of this project to its north is the border to Tibet (China) and the Kali Gandaki river to its west. TO its east lies the Marsyandi Valley and the Pokhara valley in the south. The NTNC, formally King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation, began the pilot project from one single VDC, Ghandruk, in 1986 AD. The project area during that time was just 200 sq. km. In the year 1990 AD, the project area expanded to 16 VDC. In 1992 AD, 39 VDCs more VDCs were incorporated. The size of the project remains the same to date, with 55 VDCs in total.
The region features two climatic zones within a span of 120 km. The altitude within the conservation area ranges from 1000 to 8000 (3,300 ft to 26,200 ft). The lower parts of Annapurna receive higher rainfall than the higher as regions fall under the shadow of trans-Himalaya.
Annapurna Conservation Area is a culturally and naturally diverse scape. It is home to the deepest river gorge in the world- Kali Gandaki Gorge, which is 3 miles long and 1.5 miles wide. The valley is home to fossils from the Tethys Sea dating back 60 million years ago. Tilicho lake, north of Annapurna massif, is the highest altitude freshwater lake in the world. The world’s largest Rhododendron forest is located in Ghorepani. In terms of cultural diversity, the region features residents of Hindu Buddhist and pre-Buddhist religions. The dominant groups in the south are Gurung and Magar, whereas Loba, Manage and Thakali ethnicities dominate the north. These ethnicities have their dialect, cultural heritage and traditions.
Amongst the various conservation projects in Nepal, ACA was the first protected area to refrain from using the National Army for assistance. The locals reside within the protected area and also own private land. The project is directly operated by the NTNC with no funding from the government. The entry fees are used for the management of the area. NTNC uses a circular approach where the funds collected is invested into the region and its communities. NTNC also relies on various national and international donors.
The project utilises a community-based conservation and development approach. In this model, the community members are made aware of their habitat, duty towards conservation and protection of the environment. This instils ownership amongst all the community members, and each is a vanguard of the area.
ACA features 7 unit conservation offices.
Jomson
Manang
Lo-Manthang
Bhujung
Sikles
Ghandruk and
Lwang
This decentralised approach was devised to smoothen the operation and management of the area. In terms of the focus of offices, Jomsom, Manang, and Ghandruk work on integrating tourism management and other development activities. In Bhujung, Sikles and Lwang, the mission is poverty alleviation, integrated agriculture development and agro-forestry. In Lo-Manthang, the focus is on promoting heritage conservation and controlled tourism.
ACA over the years has gained national and international recognition. The biodiversity of the region under the leadership of the community members is flourishing. Multiple trekking routes were created in this region. Amongst them, some are voted as the best natural trails in Nepal.
Here are the top 10 trails in the region
Annapurna Circuit Trek
Poon Hill Trek
Mardi Himal Trek
Annapurna Base Camp Trek
Annapurna Trek (Manag to Tilicho)
Manaslu- Tsum Valley Trek
Kapuche Lake Trek
Sikles Eco Trek
Nar Phu Trek
Upper Mustang Trek
The best time of the year to embark on these trails is during spring, autumn and pre-winter. Trekkers can receive their permit (TIMS) from the NTB (Nepal Tourism Board) office located in Kathmandu and Pokhara.
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The Jewels of Province 1
When it comes to natural wonders, province 1 boasts a good stock. It also features multiple religious sites. The province is also home to Nepal's crown jewel and the forehead of the world, Mt Everest.
The new constitution of Nepal was established in 2015 AD. It featured the provincial system. As part of this, Nepal was divided into seven provinces. Province 1 is the easternmost of these seven. It covers 17.5% of the landmass of the nation. A total area of 25,905 km2. It is home to numerous great mountain peaks such as Everest (8848 m), Kanchenjunga (8586 m), Ama Dablam (6812 m) and others. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Kanchenjunga is ranked third in the highest peaks index. Other peaks in this region are Cho Oyu (8188 m), Gokyo Ri (5357 m), Imja Tse (6160 m and Mera Peak (6476 m). These world giants help create Koshi- the largest river in the nation.
The province features multiple protected areas such as:
Sagarmatha National Park
Makalu Barun National Park
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (Also a Ramsar Site)
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area
Gokyo Lake Complex (Ramsar Site)
Mai Pokhari (Ramsar Site)
Amongst the proposed new destinations, Province 1 features sites such as Okhaldhunga and Tehrathum. Okhaldunga is famous for its scenic hills and cultural diversity. The place is also popular due to the famous poem by Siddicharan Shrestha titled 'Mero Pyaro Okhaldhunga' (My Lovely Okhaldhunga). It was converted into a song by famous Nepali singer Narayan Gopal.
Therathum is a site proposed by the Tourism Board of Nepal as a new destination years ago. Therathum is now a popular stopover location for trekking enthusiasts on the way to Kanchenjunga Base Camp.
This site is also home to 28 species of Rhododendron flowers. Rhododendron is also the national flower of Nepal. During spring, the hills become picturesque with full blossom and bloom of these flowers.
Another facet of tourism in Nepal is religious tourism. In this sector province, 1 features prominent shrines such as Haleshi Mahadev Temple, Pathivara Temple and Barachachhetra. Some of these shrines are worshipped by Hindus, Buddhists and Kirat's. The temple of Haleshi Mahadev is an example of multiple faiths intertwining. The cave is associated with Mahadeva (Shiva) by the Hindus. The Buddhists view it as Pashupati (Lord of the Animals). Buddhists of the Tibetan sect connect the cave to the legend of Padmasambhava. Halesi is worshipped as an ancestral deity by the Kirati Rai community of this region. Citations of this cave can be found in ancient texts as far as the 12th century. This cave was referred to as Halesi- Maratika in a biography of Padmasambhava.
As per Hindu legends, Mahadeva hid in this cave from the monster Bhasmasur for 6000 years. The cave is nicknamed 'Pashupati of the East' due to its close association with Mahadev and Pasupati. Devotees embark on a religious pilgrimage from both Nepal and India to this location in the month of Shrawan. Festivals are also held during the holidays of Rama Navami and Ganesh Chaturthi.
Pathibhara Devi, also known as Pathibhara Mai of Taplejung, is also a holy site. It is located on Pathibhara Hill. Trekking enthusiasts can embark on the Limbu Cultural Trek or take a side route from the Kanchenjunga Base Camp Trek to visit this temple. The hill is also famous for its panoramic natural views. Mountains such as Everest, Lhotse and Makalu are visible on a clear day. The lookout tower view also features most of Panchthar and Illam. Sikkim and the West Bengal of India are also visible.
Barahachhetra is a renowned Hindu and Kirat Pilgrimage site located in Sunsari. The shrine of this temple is the oldest mentioned in the Puranas. The epic Mahabharata also mentions and glorifies this shrine. It is one of the Char Dham (Four Great Religious Sites) in Nepal.