Exploring Annapurna
The Annapurna Circuit is a popular trekking route in Nepal, known for its beautiful landscapes and mountain views. Located in the Himalayas, the circuit takes trekkers through a variety of ethnic communities and offers a range of cultural experiences.
The Annapurna Circuit has a long history as a trekking route, and it has changed significantly over time. Today, the route takes trekkers through a variety of landscapes, including forests, high-altitude deserts, and snowy mountains. Along the way, trekkers can visit local villages and experience the unique cultures of the ethnic communities that live there. However, the Annapurna Circuit is not for the faint of heart – it is a physically demanding trek that requires a high level of fitness and preparation.
Despite the challenges, the Annapurna Circuit is a rewarding and unforgettable experience for trekkers. From its stunning landscapes to its rich cultural experiences, there is no shortage of reasons to add the Annapurna Circuit to your bucket list. Whether you are a seasoned trekker or a beginner looking to challenge yourself, the Annapurna Circuit has something to offer.
Some of the top destinations along the Annapurna Circuit include:
1. Thorong La Pass: Located at an altitude of 5,416 meters (17,769 feet), the Thorong La Pass is the highest point on the Annapurna Circuit. Trekkers can enjoy stunning views of the surrounding mountain peaks from the pass.
2. Manang: Manang is a picturesque village located in the Manang District of Nepal. It is a popular stopover point for trekkers on the Annapurna Circuit, and it is known for its charming traditional houses and friendly locals.
3. Jomsom: Jomsom is a town located in the Mustang District of Nepal. It is a major hub for trekkers on the Annapurna Circuit, and it is known for its apple orchards and beautiful mountain views.
4. Pokhara: Pokhara is a city located in the western region of Nepal. It is a popular starting point for the Annapurna Circuit trek, and it is known for its beautiful lakes, temples, and adventure sports.
5. Annapurna Base Camp: The Annapurna Base Camp is located at an altitude of 4,130 meters (13,550 feet) and offers stunning views of the Annapurna massif. Trekkers can visit the base camp as part of the Annapurna Circuit or as a standalone trek.
Before & during the trek one must be aware of the following:
1. Altitude: The Annapurna Circuit takes trekkers to high altitudes, with the highest point being the Thorong La Pass at an altitude of 5,416 meters (17,769 feet). Altitude sickness is a common concern for trekkers at these high altitudes, so it is important to acclimatize properly and be aware of the symptoms of altitude sickness.
2. Weather: The weather in the Annapurna region can be unpredictable, with temperatures ranging from hot and sunny to cold and snowy. Be prepared for all types of weather, and be sure to pack appropriate clothing and gear.
3. Physical demands: The Annapurna Circuit is a physically demanding trek, and it requires a good level of fitness. Be prepared for long days of walking and be sure to take breaks and rest when needed.
4. Safety: While the Annapurna Circuit is generally a safe trek, there are a few safety considerations to be aware of. Be sure to follow the guidance of your trekking company or guide, and be aware of any potential risks such as landslides or avalanches.
5. Cultural sensitivity: The Annapurna Circuit passes through a number of different ethnic communities, and it is important to be respectful of local customs and traditions. Follow the guidance of your guide and be mindful of your actions and words.
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Nepal: A Land You Must Explore
Nepal is a paradise for nature lovers, with its towering snow-capped mountains, lush forests, and fast-flowing rivers. Come discover the beauty of this unique country and experience its rich culture and wildlife.
Nepal is a small country located in South Asia, between India and China. It is well known for its breathtaking natural beauty, with towering snow-capped mountains, lush forests, and fast-flowing rivers. For nature lovers, Nepal is a true paradise, with a wide range of stunning natural attractions that are sure to take your breath away.
One of the most popular destinations in Nepal is the Annapurna Circuit, a popular trekking route that takes you through some of the most beautiful landscapes in the country. The trek starts in the city of Pokhara and takes you through the stunning Annapurna range, with its towering peaks and beautiful forests. During the winter months, the trek can be especially beautiful, with snow-covered peaks and frozen waterfalls. However, it is important to be prepared for the cold weather and potential hazards, such as avalanches. Be sure to bring warm clothes and proper gear, and consider hiring a guide to help you navigate the route safely.
Another popular destination in Nepal is the Chitwan National Park, located in the southern part of the country. This national park is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including rhinos, tigers, and a variety of birds. You can take a safari tour through the park to see these animals in their natural habitat, or take a boat ride along the Rapti River to see the park from a different perspective. In the winter, the park can be especially beautiful, with misty forests and frost-covered trees. However, be prepared for colder weather and potentially muddy roads, and consider hiring a jeep or other all-terrain vehicle for your safari tour.
If you're interested in religious sites, Nepal is also home to some of the most sacred temples in the world. The temple of Pashupatinath, located in the capital city of Kathmandu, is one of the most important Hindu temples in the world. It is a popular destination for pilgrims from all over the world, and is a must-see for anyone interested in religious sites. In the winter, the temple can be especially beautiful with steaming incense. However, be prepared for colder weather and dress appropriately to avoid offending local customs.
When visiting Nepal during the winter, there are a few additional tips and tricks to keep in mind. First, it is important to be prepared for the cold weather. Nepal can be very chilly, especially at higher elevations, so be sure to bring warm clothes and rain gear. It is also important to be respectful of local customs and traditions. Nepal is a predominantly Hindu country, and many of the temples and other religious sites have strict rules about dress and behavior. Be sure to research these rules before visiting any religious sites.
Overall, Nepal is a stunning country with a rich natural beauty and a fascinating culture. Whether you're interested in trekking, wildlife, or religious sites, there is something for everyone in Nepal. The winter season can be a particularly beautiful time to visit, but be sure to plan carefully and prepare for the cold weather. It is a must-visit destination for nature lovers and anyone interested in experiencing the beauty of South Asia.
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Exploring Lalitpur
Historically known as Patan, the present city of Lalitpur is a stellar representation of cultural representation through the arts. Also known as Manigal, this city traces its roots to numerous states, such as Matirajya, Irshyarajya, and Dipavati were united in the Lichhavi Era to create this grandiose city.
Rarely do we discover places in the world that feature- living heritage. The cities of Lalitpur, Kathmandu, and Bhaktapur are great examples of living heritage. The iconic landmarks, temples, and monuments date back hundreds of years. The local population found a way to integrate these icons, temples, and monuments into their wheel of life and customs.
Tracing historical roots, the oldest settlement within the current boundaries is the kingdom of Dipavati. As per the chronicles, this city existed in the Satya Yuga. Dipavati means land where Dipankara Buddha had manifested himself. He is revered as a great enlightened mind born before Shakyamuni Buddha (Gautam Buddha).
The second oldest territory of this region is known as Matarajya. Matarajya was a flourishing kingdom that stretched southwards with its center around present-day Lagankhel. The greatest landmark of this kingdom– the Maitrajya Chaitya, stands tall to this day. Chronicles write of a great tale between two cities- Matirajya & Irshyarajya, the tale is as follows: "Once a certain man named Bhoja came to Visalnagara to become king. He heard of Vikramajit's greatness and wandered around boasting that he would do the same and that he was ready to sit on the lion's throne. At that moment, each of the thirty-two auspicious signs of the lion-throne turned into butterflies, told various stories of Vikramajit’s knowledge and dharma, and flew away. Despite this, King Bhoja insisted on seating himself on the lion throne. At that moment, the lion throne flew away on the path to heaven to reach its own place. Since, the king was hauthy, Navasagar-bhagvati fatefully became enraged in the middle of one night. She raised fire from the well in front of her and destroyed many people and animals throughout the night. The king and the people of Visalnagara were burnt and the city became desolate. Only small villages in Nepala survived. Among the people belonging to four castes, some went eastwards across the Manohara River and built their own houses. Some went southwards across the Vagmati River, formed together a small territory, named it Matarajya and lived there."
The above extract was taken from History of the Kings of Nepal, A Buddhist Chronicle which is an updated translation of the 19th-century Newar Chronicle compiled by Daniel Wright. Using historical markers and borrowed knowledge from other chronicles, Vishalnagara was the grand city created during the Lichhavi Era. The capital of this city is presumed to be Hadigaun. The current Bishalnagar got its name from this ancient city.
The third ancient settlement Irshyarajya was created by the survivors of the Vishalnagara fire who refused to live in Matarajya. “Some people, having seen those who built Matarajya and settled there said: “ We will not live in this place. The territory became known as Irsarajya since it was formed out of envy (irsa).”
A fourth historic settlement also exists but its origins are highly debated. The settlement of Imadva further east of Dipavati came into existence at the same time as Matarajya & Irsarajya. The origin of this settlement as per the Buddhist Chronicle is as follows, “In a similar way, some other Buddhists were in great confusion. They thought: This chaitya has been there since the time of Manjupattana City and it was not destroyed, even when Danasura blocked the water passage. Visalanagara has now been destroyed and no one has remained here any longer. It is neither possible to carry the caitya away, nor is it possible to make a living here. One night, the caitya ordered somebody in a dream: O devotee, a certain bird will come to rest on my parasol tomorrow morning. Then the bird takes off from the parasol and at the spot where it lands, you should stay. I, too, will come to stay there. The next morning, the Buddhists went to pay darsana to the caitya and found an eagle on its parasol, just as mentioned in the dream. They followed the eagle to the place where it landed. Some of them inhabited that place and established a chaitya by contemplating the chaitya image of Visalanagara. From that day on, the place has been known as Imadva. Since “eagle” (in Nevari) is ima and the spot was identified by it, the caitya was named Imadva Chaitya (“the chaitya at the Eagle-Mound”).
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Exploring Palpa - Part I
Palpa, once an independent Magar Kingdom famous for its forges, became a hub in the south for Newars. The famous “Dhaka Topi” was born here amongst the various Dhaka patterns fabricated by the expert weavers of Palpa. It is a destination with facets and has widely contributed to the formation of the Nepali identity.
Palpa is a beautiful hill station in the Lumbini Province of Nepal. It is a great destination to add to your tour of the southern cities of Nepal. If you’re making a trip to Lumbini, stop by Palpa to witness the age of Newari architecture and culture, which migrated to this once-Magar village thousands of years ago.
About Palpa
Province: Lumbini
Distance from Kathmandu: 273.7 km
Accessibility:
By Road: 8 hours and 14 minutes
By Air: Land at Gautam Buddha International Airport in Bhairahawa and drive 2 hours and 24 minutes to reach Palpa region
Attractions: Argeli Palace, Rambha Devi Temple, Ranighat Palace (Ranimahal), Rishikesh Complex, Tansen Bazzar, Bhairabsthan Temple (Tansen Bhairab), Shrinagar Hill, Tansen Durbar
Travel Season: Throughout the year
The region of Palpa has much to offer in multiple genres of tourism. The potential of this region as a religious site along with sightseeing and cultural tourism is strong. The central attraction of this place is the hill station of Tansen. In 2008 AD, UNESCO added this area to its tentative list for World Heritage in the cultural category.
The whole of Palpa has a strong note of Magar culture, but there is Newar influence in multiple locales. The souvenir of this region has always been Palpali Dhaka. It is a unique cloth produced by the local Newars. One of the most famous landmarks is the “Golghar”, an octagonal pavilion in the middle of Sitalpati, the main market square. Srinagar hill is a popular viewpoint that offers a beautiful panorama of the high Himalayas. Peaks such as Dhaulagiri, Tukuche, Nilgiri, Annapurna, Himchuli and others are visible on a clear day.
The unique fusion of Palpa makes it a great destination. It offers something for all genre of travellers, which has always been its greatest strength. Exploring the core settlements of Tansen at times makes you feel like you are in Kathmandu due to the strong influence of Newar culture.
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Trekking Shey Phoksundo
The Himalayas of Nepal is a wonder to behold. This pristine region of Nepal features numerous lakes- a sight for sore eyes. Amongst such tantalizing lakes is Shey Phoksundo in the Dolpo Region of Nepal.
The Shey Phoksundo lake trek ranks amongst the top 5 treks in Nepal. A trekker during the 7 day trek discovers multiple isolated regions.
About Dolpa
Situated at the north of the mid-western part of Nepal, Dolpa is the largest district surrounded by the Dhaulagiri Mountain range at the south and east, Churen Himal range at the west, and the Tibetan Plateau at the north. Accessible through land and air, the journey can be taken by a flight to Jumla and then a trek to Dolpa or a bus ride to the nearest urban centre of Dolpa.
This region features a series of treks that help you explore the last of the virgin land of Nepal. These far-off adventures take you miles from the urban settlement where life seems to have stood still. The dense forestry is home to pristine flora and fauna, and the crown jewel is the beautiful lake of Shey Phoksundo. The rugged plain rocky landscape, religious shrines and ancient monasteries are something out of the world. The amalgam of which help create an experience of a lifetime.
The treks of this region fall into the category of difficult to extreme. A trekker needs to be in the best possible shape to conquer the seemingly endless stretch of land. A direct escape to Shey Poksundo doesn't require any camping. The longer route, however, features some areas where camping is required.
Shey Phoksundo: The Turquoise Gem
· Province: 6
· Distance From Kathmandu: 315 km
· Accessibility:
By air: Shey Phoksundo can be only accessed through Nepalgunj or which has to take a flight to Nepalgunj and from there to Juphal in Dolpa and 4 days trek to Ringmo
By road: 24-25 hour bus ride from Kathmandu- Radi Bazar and 4 days trek to Ringmo
Route by road & return by air: Kathmandu- Radi Bazzar- Tallo Bagar - Supani - Suligad - Kagani - Chhepka - Rachhi - Samjhana Hotel - Jharna Hotel - Ringmo (Shey Phoksundo Lake) - Chhepka - Kagani - Suligad - Juphal Airport - Nepalgunj - Kathmandu
· Attraction: Tshwo Gompa, Highest Waterfall in Nepal, Himalayan Panaroma
· Travel Season: Spring (March-May) and Autumn (Sep-Nov)
The turquoise water of this magnificent lake at golden hours is hard to describe. Sitting by it with the distant sound of a waterfall under an open blue sky is an experience straight out of heaven. The Phoksundo lake is within Shey Phoksundo National Park, the largest and only trans-Himalayan protected area of Nepal. On the southern end of the lake lies the village of Ringmo on top of a landslide dam created 30-40,000 years ago.
This body of water lies at an elevation of 3,660 m (12,010 ft). Surrounded by glaciers in its upper range, it is famous for its magnificent turquoise colour. Near the lake's outlet is the country's highest waterfall. The trek to this part of Nepal is strenuous, but the reward is an experience worth multiple lifetimes. The trip offers landscapes beyond words. Getting to experience the lifestyle of the ethnic community is a bonus.
The region is best visited between March to May (spring) and September to November (autumn). The closest airport is Juphal airport in Dolpa. The far-western region of Nepal is only accessible through the airport in Nepalgunj. The main trek ranges from 4-5 days to Ringmo. By road, the journey includes a 24-25 hour bus ride from Kathmandu to Radi Bazar.
In the next part of this article, we shall discover the lakes of Tsho Rolpa, Rupa, Gokyo and Tilicho.
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The Dance of Nayata Bhulu Ajima - A Sacred Dance Part II
In ancient times, the ajima’s were regarded the ultimate protectors of the valley. They were strategicallly placed in cardinal points along with military infrastructre to ensure the cities protection from both physcial and supernatural forces. Amongst, the mother goddesses of Kathmandu is Nyata Bhulu Ajiima.
In the previous blog, we looked into various historical elements of Nayata Maru Ajima and the legends surrounding her origin. The iconic 12-year presentation was conducted this year by the Management Committee.
The dance and skit were presented in Trishul Chowk inside the Hanuman Dhoka Palace by the Nardevi Shweta Kali Conservation and Management Committee. Even though the dance is performed annually, the 12-year presentation is unique. It features godly characters who had only passive/dormant roles in the yearly rituals.
The most iconic of all is Su:tha Maju. Su:tha means morning, and Maju means mother in Nepal Bhasa. As per ritualistic traditions, the performances for the day only begin after she (Su:tha Maju) performs at the break of dawn. Locals state that even though Su:tha Maju, commonly referred to as Lokeshwor, is revered in the Buddhist community, the tradition binds all religions, faith and ideals found in this valley. Elders state how the manifestation of Su:tha Maju is an avatar of Nyata Maru Ajima.
The dance and skit last for four days in total. For two days, the artists perform at Trishul Chowk inside the main palace complex of Hanuman Dhoka. The remaining two days are at the open-air stage (Dabali) adjacent to the Gadhi Baithak, in front of Kumari Chhen (House).
Each character presents their opening, followed by the skit of Chandeshwari. The story summarized is as follows- Chandashur Daitya is a powerful demon. He is strong, mighty and fearless. The daitya (demon) falls in love with Chandi- the daughter of Nyata Bhulu Ajima. Ajima learns of this unholy union and tries their best to persuade her daughter. It seemed like nothing worked, but she created a powerful potion to intoxicate and hypnotize her daughter. In her influenced state, she turns on her lover- the daitya. She trades her sword with her mother and delivers a lethal blow killing the demon. After that day, Chandi was known as Chandeshwari- the slayer of Chandashur.
The 12-year celebration features special pujas at the mother goddess temples of Kathmandu valley. The mother goddesses featured in the dance and skit of Nayata Maru Ajima are found in its sister cities as well. These mother goddesses protect the kingdom from supernatural evil and create a tantric shield around the city. Most were established during the Lichhavi Era, and the custom of establishing an army camp or military facility near these goddesses continued till the Mala Era. An example of this can only be seen at Lumadi Ajima, today known as Bhadrakali.
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The Dance of Nayata Bhulu Ajima - A Sacred Dance Part I
Mysticism is the greatest suite of Kathmandu. In the labrynth of allies and temples lie symbolism deeper than seen by the eye. One of such mystical elements of the city of Kathmandu is the celebration of Nyatabhhulu at its centre
Nayata Bhulu, a name that only a few ditizens of this valley know the meaning and location of once held high ranks in the sites of Kathmandu. Today, this area is known as Naradevi- one of many change of addresses that occurred after the occupation of Kathmandu Valley by Prithivi Narayan Shah. Nyata means centre, Bhulu means protector. As per Devmala Chronicles, the goddess of Nyata Bhulu was established by King Gunakamadev.
He is credited by numerous chronicles as the founder of the city of Kantipur. Chronicles states that he shaped the city in the outline of a sword- to be precise, the sword of Boddhisatva Manjushree. Historians have long emphasised the need for good research to better understand and preserve this unique culture of Kathmandu. “ As most meaning and symbolism of various temples and monuments in this valley are passed down orally, it is open to being highly twisted or misinterpreted. In the case of Nyatabhulu Ajima, we do not have any concrete inscription, script or cross-citations to create an authentic narrative. The Devmala Chronicle states that the area of Nayatabhulu is the ‘centre’ of the city. But other chronicles state how the city of Kantipur was founded with Kanteshwor Mahadev, today known as Aakash Bhairav, as its centre.” said Shreyashka Maharjan, a sociologist and cultural archivist.
The dance of Nayata Bhulu Ajima is a unique spectacle to behold. It is performed annually. But, once in 12 years- it is performed on a larger scale. This year was the year of the grand presentation. When performed annually, 12 deities are invoked, whereas in the 12-year show, 19 deities are invoked they are as follows:
1. Su:tha Maju (Lokeshwor/ Karunamaya)
2. Nyata Bhulu
3. Bhairav
4. Chandeshwari
5. Ganesh
6. Brahmayani
7. Rudrayani
8. Narayani
9. Kumari
10. Barahi
11. Indrayani
12. Mahalaxmi
13. Simhini
14. Byangini
15. Kumar
16. Chanashur Daitya (Demon)
17. Mahadev (Lord Shiva)
18. Dhwa (Tiger)
19. Khicha (Dog)
Legends state that the temple and goddess were established during the reign of Gunakamadeva, but the performance/ dance was initiated by King Amar Malla. Local experts mention that King Malla held Nayata Bhulu Ajima in high regard and credited her for his military victories against his neighbouring kingdoms. Thus, to honour her, he facilitated various rituals and sacred dances to be conducted annually to memorialise her for countless generations.
We shall explore various facets of dance in the next blog.
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Tihar: Victory of Light
Tihar is the second largest national festival of Nepal. It bares similarities to Dipwawali celebrated in our neighboring nation. The festival is celebrated for a total of 5-days. During which various animals, birds and gods are worshipped. Each day has its own symbolism and each community has its own tradition and ritual process of observing the festival.
Tihar or ‘The Festival of Lights,’ is the second biggest festival after Dashain. It is a five-day-long celebration with houses emitting iridescent lights, artistic rangolis, and flowery decorations.
We also call these five days Yama Panchak where we do everything we can to keep Yama Raj happy. Keeping our good deeds in mind, he will judge our character after death and decide our path to heaven or hell accordingly.
In this remarkable observation, we honor animals to commemorate their unique bond with humans. Tihar means victory of good over evil and in that context people consider different creatures as divine gifts from Mother Nature who help stir our everyday community life.
Talking about various ways of celebration, on the first day of Tihar, people offer rice to crows aka the messenger of death. As crows are busy delivering important information to Yama Raj all year round, they rest on this auspicious day. We should strive to keep the crows satisfied in the hopes of avoiding bad news in the forthcoming year.
Likewise, the second day is dedicated to Kukur Puja honoring dogs for their loyalty to human beings. They are known to be our protectors and play a significant role in safeguarding our community. If you take a stroll around your area, you can see dogs beautified with flower garlands and a huge tika applied to their forehead. Also, after the ceremony is over, they get to feast on a scrumptious meal and they are left with a happy tummy.
Then on the third day comes Gai Tihar where we worship cows and Laxmi (the goddess of wealth). Being the most important holiday of Tihar, people get up early in the morning to clean the room thoroughly in order to appease the divine Goddess. Traditionally, she is known to visit every household to shower her blessing. After that, the cows get a cozy bath and we accessorize them with intricately designed garland. The priest even ties holy strings to their tails as part of the custom.
Goru Tihar, Govardhan Puja, and Mah puja are celebrated on the fourth day and three separate pujas are performed to celebrate this momentous day. As part of Goru Puja, we worship the Oxen. Followed by Govardhan Puja where we make a hill of Govardhan Parbat using the holy cow dung which is known to purify the surroundings. Having major importance in Hindu culture, it was used to polish mud floors of traditional houses.
A ceremony big in the Newar community, Mha Puja is also called self-puja where we intend to cleanse our body and soul. Each member of the family has a distinct mandap and a female member of the family offers shagun with her hands crossed. The shagun can be anything from fruits, eggs, fish, meat, pastries, and lentil. This also marks the starting of Newari New Year.
The fifth day or Bhai Tika celebration is best explained through a popular story about Yama the god of death, and his sister Yamuna. The two of them had been apart for a long time so the sister makes a request to her brother to pay a visit. She sent a message through a crow, dog, and cow until finally, she decided to meet her brother. Following a special ritual, she worships him with tika and flowers and puts five colored tika. Along with that, Yamuna made a circle with mustard oil, Dubo Grass (Cynodon Cactylon), and ended the ceremony with Makhmaali Mala (Globe Amaranth).
For five days, she kept her brother happy and on the last day in form of gratitude, Yama gives her presents thus marking the celebration of Bhai Tika. This is how we celebrate the festival of Light over Darkness.
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Places to visit this Dashain Break
As everyone gets a holiday during the Dashain season, it has become a trend to go on a short break. The ultimate escape from work and study calls for a rejuvenating adventure. So, call up your loved ones and arrange a package service to head on out and about
The first place that comes to mind when we talk about inbound travel is going to Nagarkot. A hill station famously known for camping and night stay purpose gives you the best sunrise and sunset view. If the weather is in your favor, you get to witness the glorious sight of the mountains in just an hour’s drive.
Talking about a journey that takes about 5 hours of time, a short stay at Kalinchowk is a wonderful choice. After getting on a cable car, a picturesque view awaits you on top of the Bhagwati temple that will leave you in awe. We recommend renting a private vehicle or hiring a jeep as it’s convenient.
Without mentioning Pokhara, this article would be incomplete as it’s a major internal and external tourist hub. Surrounded by Fewa, Begnash lake, and Sarankot for early morning sunrise, the city has it all. Along with that, David Fall, Peace Pagoda, International Mountain Museum, and Mahendra Cave are other major attractions.
If there’s one place that preaches peace and tranquility, it’s Bandipur. An old Newari town located in the heart of Tanahu district is worth traveling for a day or even overnight for an authentic experience. The housing style here is quite the sight. As part of a hill station, you get a scenic view of a wide range of mountains. Just take a stroll around the evening time with your friend and see how wonderful it feels!
For people who aren’t celebrating Dashain this year, we’ve got you sorted with a perfect escape plan to wander in nature. A superb monsoon cloud-free weather greets you no matter which path you follow. Take your family for a visit to either see the unhindered 180-degree scene of the snow-capped mountains or a picnic around the vibrant Godavari area.
We all want to attain peace during our break right? So why not visit the birthplace of The Light of Asia in Lumbini? Remember to go to Maya Devi Temple, Ashok Pillar, Shanti Stupa, and Bidhi Tree while you’re at it. In a place with rich flora and fauna, take a trip to Chitwan National Park and be a part of nature. Hop on a safari ride and there’s a chance of spotting Bengal Tiger, Rhino, Crocodile, Elephant, and many more diverse creatures. Also, the world’s littlest vertebrate, the dwarf shrew is here, isn’t that exciting?
Only with an hour’s drive, embark upon the luscious green forest of Chitlang village. Consisting of more than 160 species of animals and birds, it’s a real treat for the eyes where you get to soak in every element of nature. Did you know about a big apple garden with more than a thousand apple trees? Well, you have to take a look at it! They have even established a few cottages between the gardens.
Although visiting a heritage site might not be on your bucket list, there will be less traffic and crowd to go to sites like Kathmandu Durbar Square, Swayambhunath, Kritipur, Bhaktapur, and Bouddha. You will get a whole new outlook on familiar places. Who knows, you may even find some hidden gems.
The month of September and October are considered to be the finest time to explore the nooks and corners of Nepal. So, where will you visit this Dashain?
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Symbolism of Dashain
Dashain- a grand celebration of victory over evil. The festival at its core is similar to Dashera celebrated in India but over time numerous elements have been through cultural practise. It is a festival with deep symbolism and roots in all of our cultures
Upon hearing Dashain people envision a long holiday where people rejoice in flying kites, wearing new clothes, eating good food, and exchanging kind greetings with loved ones. The most powerful symbolic message is the celebration of the victory of truth and virtue against injustice. This auspicious festival starts with Ghatasthapana where people fill a vessel to the brim with sand. Then they sow barley seeds and maize while covering it in a pitch black room and worshipping it for 10 days.
Similarly, on the seventh day, Phulpati is observed in the form of Saptami and is commemorated by an official ceremony held in Dhulikhel. After that, the Fulpati parade is taken to the residence of the president of Nepal as he’s a leader of the country. Followed by the eighth day, Maha Asthami is devoted to the name of Goddess Kali, who is a manifestation of Goddess Durga. To appease the fiery rage of Kali, people tend to sacrifice hens, goats, and buffaloes in temples. Now comes the ninth day of Dashain Mahanavami where we remember Lord Vishwakarma who is famously known as the divine creator of the world. People spent their day worshiping their tools, equipment, and vehicles. Another value of this important day is the opening of Taleju Temple. Its gates are open to the public only on Mahanavami.
Commonly, it’s considered to be a nine-day festival and is called Nauratha or Navaratri. During this time, we dedicate our time to worshipping many avatars of Goddess Durga like Brahmacharini, Shailputri, Kushmanda, Chandraghanta, Katyayani, Skandamata, Siddhidatri, and Mahagauri. On the tenth day, to mark the end of the ritual, people distribute Prasad as sweets and Jamara. Not to forget the most exciting part for children, elders bless them with Dakshina (money). It symbolizes blessings passed down from one generation to another. To give the exact timeline, the tradition of receiving Tika and Prasad starts from Ashwin Shukladashami and ends on Ashwin Shuklapoornim.
The fifteenth day is the last of this festival and falls on a full moon day. Preserving the historical ethos of the vibrant festival, it concludes after staying awake for the whole night and following various proceedings in the name of Mahalaxmi. This night is popularly called Kojagrat Purnima. The actual meaning of Kojagrata is someone ‘who is awake.’ There’s a common belief that Goddess Lakshmi visits earth and she keeps tabs on people who stayed awake to worship her. She brings prosperity and luck to people who prove their unyielding commitment.
However, there are some superstitious elements at play during this season as well. Animal sacrifices are done in the name of the weapon, Maulo, and Kotpuja. Although this practice has been notably reduced, they are still apparent in some typical Nepalese neighborhood. Our values should lie in the fact that saving the lives of harmless creatures should be done even if the tradition says otherwise.
Overall, the Dashain festival represents Nepal as being rich in cultural diversity. The Malshree dhun is integrated as a piece of mainstream Nepalese music and represents the tune of Dashain. Since the start of Nauratha, the pleasant melodies of Mohalibaja, Fluit, Dhime, and Jhyamtebaja denotes the arrival of our most awaited festival.
Also, the appealing weather with warm and lovely sunrays in the daytime and foggy mornings make the festival even more joyous. It falls under the perfect time, the ending of the rainy season, and the beginning of the winter season.
The elements of bonding and family reunion make Dashain a valuable and memorable time for all. Other key aspect includes bonding, elder’s blessings, family reunion, and entertainment making it a heartwarming time spent with loved ones.
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Yenya Punhi: A Jubilation of Kathmandu - Part II
According to legends, it is believed that the mother of Lord Intra required a Parijat( a white flower) to perform a ritual. For which Lord Indra descended to earth in search of the flower. He disguised himself as a commoner and while trying to take the flower out of the lawn of a Jyapu. He caught Lord Indra and held him captive blaming him of trying to steal. Lord Indra was imprisoned and not allowed to go back to heaven.
Regarded as the biggest festival of the then Kingdom of Nepal Valley, the true origin of the festivals are still debated. But this festival is believed to be founded during the Licchavi Era by King Gunakamadeva, the founder of the city of Kantipur (Kathamandu). The celebration of Indra Jatra is made of three different series of rituals: Kumari Jatra, Indra Jatra and Bhairava Jatra. Each have their own legends and ceremonial components but as a whole, turn the centre of Basantapur Durbar Square into a grand affair. The square is a sight to behold from the break of dawn till midnight, as the chariots of Kumari, Ganesh and Bhairava make there way through the inner city of Kathmandu. Every street comes to life with masked dances, merry music during the eight days of festivities.
According to legends, it is believed that the mother of Lord Intra required a Parijat( a white flower) to perform a ritual. For which Lord Indra descended to earth in search of the flower. He disguised himself as a commoner and while trying to take the flower out of the lawn of a Jyapu. He caught Lord Indra and held him captive blaming him of trying to steal. Lord Indra was imprisoned and not allowed to go back to heaven.
The mother of Indra grew worry some as her son hadn’t returned from Earth. Phul Khusi ( The Vahan of Indra) descended upon Earth to find his master and wondered around the streets of Kathmandu. During when a great festival was occuring in the Kathmandu and after hours of searching, Phul Khusi found Lord Indra. Phul Khusi took the news to heaven after which, his mother descended from heaven to free her son. She requested the villagers to release her son, but didn’t heed to her words. Only after Lord Indra reveled his true form. The mother of Indra made a promise to the villagers to give in return a final rainfall for their harvest to prosper and she would lead them to the gateway to heaven.
Accepting the conditions the villagers freed Lord Indra and let him go with his mother, a group of villagers followed them to the outskirts of Kathmandu to find the doorway to heaven. But Lord Indra’s mother tricked the villagers by putting forth a large mist which left the villagers confused and in dismay as Lord Indra and his mother went to heaven. To commemorate this event, during the celebration of Indra, a Dagi ( Procession) takes the same path every single year. “The circumbulation of the city is performed in order to reach heaven in the Dagi’s footsteps to meet the dead relatives. The families scatter grain by the wayside so that they would not forget the way home. One finished, they throw what remains of there offerings in a plce called Bhuta Satta, near Kasthamandap, and wash their faces at Maru Hiti fountain. Afterwards, they either return home or go to bathe in Indra’s Pond ( Yamki Da), which is located on a hill 12 kilometers west of Kathmandu.” Toffin,1992,86)
The festival of Indra Jatra is a feast to all senses, the air is scented with the smell of incense, and the sound of drums and traditional instruments tranquil once ears. For the eyes, one can behold the procession of Living Goddess Kumari along with Lord Ganesh and Lord Bhairav. The chariot is pulled for three consecutive days. The first day is known as Kwaneya during when the chariot makes its way from Basantapur, Maru, Chikanmugal, Jasidewal, Lagan, Bhimsensthan, Baru and ends at Basantapur. The second day is known as Yenya Punhi on which the chariot procession begins from Basantapur to Pyaphal, Nyata, Tengal, Nhyaokha, Nhaikan Tol, Asan, Kel Tol, Indra Chowk, Makhan and ends at Basantapur. The final day of the procession is known as Nanichaya, the chariot is pulled by revellers from Basantapur tp Pyaphal, Yatkha, Nyata, Kilagal, Bhedsing, Indra Chowk, Makhan and ends at Basantapur.
During the festival of Indra, various idols and masks of goddess are taken out of their normal abode to be exhibited to the people. The most prominent of which are the Sweta Bhairab mask and the idol of Akash Bahiran. Similarly an image of Indra is displayed at Maru and Indra Chowk. Various forms of dances such as of Lakhe Aju, Mahakali Naach, Halchowk Bairab, Phul Kushi, Devi Kyakhan are performed on specific days and nights of the festival.
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Yenya Punhi: A Jubilation of Kathmandu - Part I
Amongst the great celebrations of this valley, nothing beats the pomp and flair of Yenya Punhi. Commonly known as Indra Jatra- a name derived from the lore of Indra- the heaven king's visit to Nepal. This festival is larger than life, with symbolism and meaning going back thousands of years- neatly preserved by the Newars.
The jubilation of Kathmandu is a combination of festivals. It features the veneration of multiple deities. The Newar name Yenya denotes "Celebration (ya) of Kantipur/ Kathmandu (yen)". The township during the Lichhavi era was called Yen. Its sister cities were respectively called Yala (Lalitpur), Kwopa (Bhatgaon/Bhaktapur) and Kipu (Kirtipur).
The origins of the festivities are very vague. However, the careful analysis presents a similarity to ancient paganistic rituals of Europe. The day of Yenya Punhi aligns with the change of season in this valley. The season transfers from Barsha (Monsoon) to Sarad (Autumn). Reviewing the procedures of various festivals in the valley: evidence is drawn to how the Yasi/ Yosi (Ceremonial Pole) is hoisted to alert the citizens of change. The same was observed in medieval Europe. The ceremonial May Day pole symbolized the advent of spring. A stark similarity to Bhaktapur's Yoshi was erected during Bisakh Jatra to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.
After the Earth, the festival features associations with the guardian deity of Nepal Kingdom- Bhairava. The association was made during the Licchavi Era. A legend goes as follows:
As instructed, the King merged the existing villages of Koligram (Yambhu) and Dakshin Koligram (Yengal). He defeated rulers of various petty states and created his new city. He also established a beautiful stone spout gilded in gold, Lu Hiti (Gold- dhara/ Sundhara). It featured an intricate water-management system, and royal canals (Rajkulos) channelled river water to the spout. He named the city Suvarna Pranali Kantipur. Here, Suvarna means golden, Pranali means system. Kantipur is a mixture of two words - Kanti, meaning beautiful and pur, which means place.
To celebrate the momentous occasion, he initiated a festival known as Yenya. The word is a mixture of Yen- the Newari name of the city and Ya- celebration. It is also called the celebration inside the town.
It is possible King Gunakamadeva’s celebration overlapped the change of seasons, and the two elements became one.
The inception of Indra in the festival is a great mystery. Indra is a god from the Vedic era. He had deep roots in the classical Indian pantheon, but his worship slowly began to fade. Some believe that due to his nature his worship began to fade. Anthropologist G.S Nepali writes, "The festival of Indra Jatra suggests perhaps the memory of a conflict between the two tribes- the followers of Indra and their opponents. The festival is perhaps an Indo-Aryan feature which survives in Nepal, but is totally forgotten in India."
The goddess of Indraghat arrived in the Nepal Kingdom during the rule of King Dharmadatta. The goddess is referred to as Indrayani, locally known as Manamaiju. The hill where she settled in this valley is referred to as Manamaiju. It could be that after her arrival, the worship of her husband Indra also began.
The third fold of this festival is the female guardian of the Nepal Kingdom- Kumari. A Kumari is a living goddess embodying the energy of the divine feminine. She is worshipped as Taleju Bhawani, Durga or Parvati. During the Malla Era, King Jaya Prakash Malla had an unfortunate encounter. He lost the trust of his tutelary deity Tulaju Devi (today known as Taleju). After multiple requests, she came to his dreams and directed him to begin worshipping a virgin girl of the Bandra (Buddhist Newar) community as her manifestation.
To read the full version of the incident click here
These elements combined have created an atmosphere of great jubilation. The core activities related to these deities are accompanied by various magical creatures and the presentation of beautiful dances and plays.